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Cited by 85Outdoor and Experiential EducationIndigenous Health, Education, and RightsYouth Development and Social Support

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Promoting resilience and wellbeing through an outdoor intervention designed for Aboriginal adolescents

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Ritchie, Stephen, Wabano, Mary Jo, Russell, Keith, Enosse, Lawrence, Young, Nancy·2014·Rural and Remote Health
DOI 10.22605/rrh2523
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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Aboriginal people in Canada (First Nations, Inuit and Métis) have a lower health status compared to the Canadian population. There is a particular concern about the mental health and wellbeing of First Nations adolescents living on reserves. Interventions following principles of outdoor education and adventure therapy appear to be an appropriate fit for this population. These approaches have proven effective in non-Aboriginal populations, yet there is very little evidence on the efficacy of these types of program for Aboriginal adolescents. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an outdoor adventure leadership experience (OALE) on the resilience and wellbeing of First Nations adolescents from one reserve community. The secondary purposes were to explore whether this impact was sustainable, and whether there were any intervening factors that may have influenced the impact. METHODS: The collaborative research team used a mixed-method design to evaluate the 10-day OALE for adolescents from Wikwemikong Unceded Indian Reserve in northern Ontario, Canada. The main outcome assessed was resilience, measured by self-report, using the 14-Item Resilience Scale (RS-14). Several other exploratory measures assessed other aspects of health and well-being. The questionnaire package was administered at three different time periods: (T1) one day before the OALE; (T2) one month after the OALE; and (T3) one year after the OALE. The Mental Component Score (MCS) of the SF-12v2 was used to confirm any changes in resilience. Open-ended questions were appended to the questionnaire at the 1-year point to identify any intervening factors that may have impacted any changes in resilience and wellbeing. The primary analysis compared mean RS-14 scores at T1 with those at T2. Responses to the open-ended questions were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: =0.011) between T1 and T2. However, the resilience scores at T3 (1 year post-OALE) had a mean of 74.19, indicating a return back to pre-OALE levels. The mean MCS score at T1 was 48.23 and it improved over the subsequent two time periods. Several intervening factors reported at T3 may have influenced the decrease in resilience scores from T2 to T3. These included changes in family living situation, death in the family, and other life stressors that occurred over the course of the year. CONCLUSIONS: Outcome scores from this study provide a unique glimpse into the self-reported health and wellbeing for adolescents within one First Nations community in Canada. The OALE program was beneficial in promoting resilience for adolescents in Wikwemikong over the short-term. Future studies are necessary to assess whether the OALE (or similar outdoor type interventions) are effective within other communities.

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Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. [6]6. National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health. State of knowledge of Aboriginal health: a review of Aboriginal public health in Canada. Prince George, BC: NCCAH, 2012.
  2. [16]16. Gibson N, LaBoucane-Benson PE. Aboriginal youth resilience research in Canada. [Special issue.] Pimatisiwin 2008; 6(2): 1-208.
  3. [18]18. Durie M, Milroy H, Hunter E. Mental health and the indigenous people of Australia and New Zealand. In: LJ Kirmayer, GG Valaskakis (Eds). Healing traditions: the mental health of Aboriginal people in Canada. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press, 2009; 36-55.
  4. [25]25. Parkes MW. Ecohealth and Aboriginal health: a review of common ground. Prince George, BC: National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health, 2011.
  5. [26]26. Rheault DAI. Anishinaabe Mino-Bimaadiziwin (the way of a Good Life). Master's thesis. Peterborough, ON: Trent University, 1998.
  6. [31]31. Baker D. The effects of adventure and wilderness therapy: a meta-analytic review. Master's thesis. Townsville, QLD: James Cook University, 2011.
  7. [40]40. Ritchie SD, Enosse L, Peltier J. Frameworks for adventure: the Outward Bound process and the Medicine Wheel. Pathways: The Ontario Journal of Outdoor , Educ, ation 2013; 25(3): 12-14.
  8. [43]43. Ritchie SD, Wabano MJ, Schinke R, Peltier D, Restoule B, Russell K, et al. The Aboriginal youth resilience study: a look at promoting resilience and well-being through outdoor adventure leadership experience. In: A Prior, C Carpenter, CL Norton, J Kirchner (Eds). Emerging insights: proceedings of the 5th International Adventure Therapy Conference 2009. Prague: European Science and Art Publishing, 2012; 145-161.
  9. [69]69. Skehill CM. Resilience, coping with an extended stay outdoor education program, and adolescent mental health. Master's thesis. Canberra, ACT: University of Canberra, 2001.

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Metadata

Authors
Ritchie, S., Wabano, M. J., Russell, K., Enosse, L., & Young, N.
Affiliations
Western Washington University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Rural and Remote Health
Publisher
Rural and Remote Health
Published
2014-03-26
Volume
14
Pages
2523-2523
ISSN
1445-6354 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.22605/rrh2523
OpenAlex
W2181351627
Cited by
82
References
57
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3
FWCI
9.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Rural and Remote Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Outdoor and Experiential Education
  • Social Sciences › Health › Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Youth Development and Social Support
Keywords
First Nations youth, resilience, well-being, outdoor education, adventure therapy, Indigenous mental health, reserve communities, program sustainability, life events, family change, intervention evaluation, Indigenous health disparities
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Child, Inuit, Female, Health Promotion, Health Status, Humans, Indians, North American, Leadership, Male, Mental Health, Ontario, Personal Satisfaction, Self Concept, Social Support, Exercise, Resilience, Psychological

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