The DOI matches its Crossref record.
A User's Guide to Principal Components
Abstract
Preface.Introduction.1. Getting Started.2. PCA with More Than Two Variables.3. Scaling of Data.4. Inferential Procedures.5. Putting It All Together-Hearing Loss I.6. Operations with Group Data.7. Vector Interpretation I : Simplifications and Inferential Techniques.8. Vector Interpretation II: Rotation.9. A Case History-Hearing Loss II.10. Singular Value Decomposition: Multidimensional Scaling I.11. Distance Models: Multidimensional Scaling II.12. Linear Models I : Regression PCA of Predictor Variables.13. Linear Models II: Analysis of Variance PCA of Response Variables.14. Other Applications of PCA.15. Flatland: Special Procedures for Two Dimensions.16. Odds and Ends.17. What is Factor Analysis Anyhow?18. Other Competitors.Conclusion.Appendix A. Matrix Properties.Appendix B. Matrix Algebra Associated with Principal Component Analysis.Appendix C. Computational Methods.Appendix D. A Directory of Symbols and Definitions for PCA.Appendix E. Some Classic Examples.Appendix F. Data Sets Used in This Book.Appendix G. Tables.Bibliography.Author Index.Subject Index.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Abdi, H., & Williams, L. J. (2010) · WIREs Computational Statistics · doi:10.1002/wics.101 · Cited by 11,104
Principal components analysis corrects for stratification in genome-wide association studies
Price, A. L., Patterson, N. J., Plenge, R. M., Weinblatt, M. E., Shadick, N. A., & Reich, D. (2006) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1847 · Cited by 10,248
Principal component analysis: A review and recent developments
Jolliffe, I. T., & Cadima, J. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2015.0202 · Cited by 10,117
PLS-regression: a basic tool of chemometrics
Wold, S., Sjöström, M., & Eriksson, L. (2001) · Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems · doi:10.1016/s0169-7439(01)00155-1 · Cited by 10,084
van den Berg, R. A., Hoefsloot, H. C., Westerhuis, J. A., Smilde, A. K., & van der Werf, M. J. (2006) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-7-142 · Cited by 2,450
Metadata
- Authors
- Leigh, S., & Jackson, J. E.
- Venue
- Technometrics
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1993-02
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 84
- ISSN
- 0040-1706 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2152820192
- Cited by
- 3,332
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 54.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A User's Guide to Principal Components. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/1269292
- The paper
- Leigh, S., & Jackson, J. E. (1993). A User's Guide to Principal Components. Technometrics. https://doi.org/10.2307/1269292
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
