The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems
Abstract
Demonstrates how the many models and theories of organizations can be reduced to a few, manageable perspectives. This new third edition updates research and theoretical literature, offers expanded coverage of new economic approaches and strategic management and includes comparative studies.
Overview
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Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
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Self-check
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Citations
Cited by
Managing Legitimacy: Strategic and Institutional Approaches
Suchman, M. C. (1995) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258788 · Cited by 19,903
Building Better Causal Theories: A Fuzzy Set Approach to Typologies in Organization Research
Fiss, P. C. (2011) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2011.60263120 · Cited by 5,930
The Collapse of Sensemaking in Organizations: The Mann Gulch Disaster
Weick, K. E. (1993) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393339 · Cited by 5,000
Crafting a Job: Revisioning Employees as Active Crafters of Their Work
Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2001) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/259118 · Cited by 4,965
Campbell, J. L. (2007) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2007.25275684 · Cited by 4,906
Metadata
- Authors
- Braito, R., & Scott, W. R.
- Venue
- Teaching Sociology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1988-10
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 464
- ISSN
- 0092-055X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2154700690
- Cited by
- 5,192
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 141.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/1318172
- The paper
- Braito, R., & Scott, W. R. (1988). Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems. Teaching Sociology. https://doi.org/10.2307/1318172
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
