The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Semantic Power Measured through the Interference of Words with Color-Naming
Abstract
Show the words 'red,' 'green,' 'yellow,' and 'blue,' printed in colored inks but in incongruent combinations of color and word, e.g. the word 'red' printed in the color yellow, the word 'yellow' in the color blue, and so on. The Ss are to name the colors (of the inks) as quickly as possible, ignoring the words. It is not easy to do. Invariably, the colors are harder to name than when they are shown in simple strips uncomplicated by words. The phenomenon was noticed by Jaensch, and was first reported in this country by Stroop.1 To say that the word interferes with the naming of the color is a fair reflection of the S's experience. Volume of voice goes up; reading falters; now and then the words break through abortively; and there are embarrassed giggles. These and other signs of strain and effort are common. The sources of the word's power to interfere with color-naming and the events involved in the interference itself have not received much attention,
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Automatic and effortful processes in memory.
Hasher, L., & Zacks, R. T. (1979) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.108.3.356 · Cited by 2,812
The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology
Williams, J. M. G., Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.120.1.3 · Cited by 2,420
Lu, C.-H., & Proctor, R. W. (1995) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03210959 · Cited by 964
The effects of emotion on attention: A review of attentional processing of emotional information
Yiend, J. (2010) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930903205698 · Cited by 891
MacLeod, C. M., & MacDonald, P. A. (2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01530-8 · Cited by 694
Metadata
- Authors
- Klein, G. S.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Psychology
- Publisher
- University of Illinois Press
- Published
- 1964-12
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 576
- ISSN
- 0002-9556 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2322839822
- Cited by
- 583
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 3.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Semantic Power Measured through the Interference of Words with Color-Naming. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/1420768
- The paper
- Klein, G. S. (1964). Semantic Power Measured through the Interference of Words with Color-Naming. The American Journal of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.2307/1420768
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
