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The Role of the Bison in Maintaining the Short Grass Plains
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“For example, grazing and browsing combine with fire to stimulate productivity and increase the diversity of forbs and grasses, a dynamic observed in grassland ecosystems around the world (Knapp et al., 1999; Larson, 1940; McNaughton, 1984; Sinclair et al., 2010).”
From Bison alter the northern Yellowstone ecosystem by breaking aspen saplings (2023) · cites this paper as Larson, 1940
Citations
Cited by
Pattern, process, and natural disturbance in vegetation
White, P. S. (1979) · The Botanical Review · doi:10.1007/bf02860857 · Cited by 1,120
A Consideration of Climax Theory: The Climax as a Population and Pattern
Whittaker, R. H. (1953) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.2307/1943519 · Cited by 558
Evolution in Steppe with Few Large, Hooved Mammals
Mack, R. N., & Thompson, J. N. (1982) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/283953 · Cited by 513
Coppock, D. L., Detling, J. K., Ellis, J. E., & Dyer, M. I. (1983) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/bf00378210 · Cited by 327
Influence of grazing on plant succession of Rangelands
Ellison, L. (1960) · The Botanical Review · doi:10.1007/bf02860480 · Cited by 314
“Evidently they stood up very well to grazing, even though at some times and places the grazing pressures of wild herds were marked (Larson, 1940).”
BackgroundThe Destruction of the Bison: An Environmental History, 1750–1920
Isenberg, A. C. (2000) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511549861 · Cited by 291
Effects of disturbance on diversity in mixed-grass prairie
Collins, S. L., & Barber, S. C. (1986) · Vegetatio · doi:10.1007/bf00044784 · Cited by 282
“Grazing by large animals is considered to be an important selective force in the evolution of grasslands in the central Great Plains (Larson, 1940; England & Devos, 1969; Stebbins, 1981; Anderson, 1982; Mack & Thompson, 1982); and elsewhere (Bassett, 1980; Persson, 1984).”
BackgroundElements of a theory of vegetation dynamics in arid rangelands
Westoby, M. (2013) · Israel journal of botany. Basic and applied plant sciences · doi:10.1080/0021213x.1979.10676867 · Cited by 218
Functional traits of graminoids in semi-arid steppes: a test of grazing histories
Adler, P., Milchunas, D., Lauenroth, W., Sala, O., & Burke, I. (2004) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.0021-8901.2004.00934.x · Cited by 201
Effects of management on butterfly abundance in tallgrass prairie and pine barrens
Swengel, A. B. (1998) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(96)00129-2 · Cited by 145
Coppock, D. L., Ellis, J. E., Detling, J. K., & Dyer, M. I. (1983) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/bf00378211 · Cited by 142
Grazing Intensities, Vegetation, and Heifer Gains: 55 Years on Shortgrass
Hart, R. H., & Ashby, M. M. (1998) · Journal of Range Management · doi:10.2307/4003323 · Cited by 117
“Their numbers were controlled only by interactions of forage availability, extremes of weather, predators, and Native American hunters (Larson 1940, Hart and Norton 1988, Hart and Hart 1997).”
BackgroundInfluentialTHE FESCUE GRASSLAND OF ALBERTA
Moss, E. H., & Campbell, J. A. (1947) · Canadian Journal of Research/Canadian journal of research · doi:10.1139/cjr47c-019 · Cited by 117
Declines of prairie butterflies in the midwestern USA
Swengel, S. R., Schlicht, D. W., Olsen, F., & Swengel, A. B. (2010) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-010-9323-1 · Cited by 106
“Alternative theories assert that this openness was maintained by climate (Transeau 1935; Weaver 1954; King 1981), herbivory by grazers and browsers (Larson 1940; Moore 1988), seed consumption and mechanical destruction of forests by superabundant but now extinct passenger pigeons (Ectopistes migratorius) (Ellsworth an…”
Benefit of permanent non-fire refugia for Lepidoptera conservation in fire-managed sites
Swengel, A. B., & Swengel, S. R. (2006) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-006-9042-9 · Cited by 107
Hart, R. H. (2001) · Plant Ecology · doi:10.1023/a:1013273400543 · Cited by 80
“Large herbivores play a crucial role in the maintenance of diverse communities of plants, birds, and invertebrates associated with grasslands (Larson 1940).”
BackgroundBuckland, P. C., & Edwards, K. J. (1984) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.2307/2844643 · Cited by 69
The Influence of Thermal Conditions on the Surface Activity of Thirteen‐Lined Ground Squirrels
Vispo, C., & Bakken, G. S. (1993) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1939300 · Cited by 67
Range Expansion of Barred Owls, Part II: Facilitating Ecological Changes
Livezey, K. B. (2009) · The American Midland Naturalist · doi:10.1674/0003-0031-161.2.323 · Cited by 65
“Between the extirpation of bison and replacement by cattle (1865– 1875, Larson, 1940; late 1870s–early 1880s, Nelson and England, 1971), much of the western Plains was undergrazed, which resulted in more-frequent fires in some areas (Nelson and England, 1971; Higgins, 1986; Grant and Murphy, 2005)…”
BackgroundInfluence of Animals on Pristine Conditions on the Canadian Grasslands
England, R. E., & Devos, A. (1969) · Journal of Range Management · doi:10.2307/3896187 · Cited by 64
Kotanen, P. M., & Bergelson, J. M. (2000) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s004420050990 · Cited by 56
Effects of prairie and barrens management on butterfly faunal composition
Swengel, A. B., & Swengel, S. R. (2001) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1023/a:1012051510584 · Cited by 56
“…theories assert that the openness of these habitats was maintained by climate (Clements 1916; Transeau 1935; Borchert 1950; King 1981), herbivory (Larson 1940; England and DeVos 1969; Moore 1988), or a combination of climate and/or herbivory with fire, soil, and/or topography (Anderson 1982;…”
BackgroundResponses of plant communities to grazing in the southwestern United States
Milchunas, D. G. (2006) · doi:10.2737/rmrs-gtr-169 · Cited by 54
The Concept of an Altithermal Cultural Hiatus in Northern Plains Prehistory
REEVES, B. (1973) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1525/aa.1973.75.5.02a00020 · Cited by 50
Succession and fluctuation in Artemisia dominated grassland
Collins, S. L., Bradford, J. A., & Sims, P. L. (1988) · Plant Ecology · doi:10.1007/bf00031856 · Cited by 47
“Bouteloua gracilis, for example, is a drought tolerant dominant of shortgrass vegetation in west ern North America (Detling 1979; Archer & Tieszen 1986) that tends to increase under continuous graz ing pressure (Larson 1940).”
BackgroundThe Effect of Early Spring Burning on Vegetation in Buffalo Wallows
Collins, S. L., & Uno, G. E. (1983) · Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club · doi:10.2307/2996281 · Cited by 45
Stambaugh, M. C., Guyette, R. P., Godfrey, R. D., McMurry, E. R., & Marschall, J. M. (2009) · Fire Ecology · doi:10.4996/fireecology.0502051 · Cited by 43
Conservation of Grassland Vertebrates
Knopf, F., & Samson, F. (1997) · Ecological studies · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2703-6_11 · Cited by 43
Vegetation of Exclosures in Southwestern North Dakota
Brand, M. D., & Goetz, H. (1986) · Journal of Range Management · doi:10.2307/3899446 · Cited by 33
Range Management Viewed in the Ecosystem Framework
LEWIS, J. K. (1969) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-713450-5.50014-2 · Cited by 32
A Biotic Selection Study Utilizing Muhlenbergia montana
Quinn, J. A., & Miller, R. V. (1967) · Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club · doi:10.2307/2483513 · Cited by 22
Grazing management and vegetation response
Hart, R. H., & Norton, B. E. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3085-8_20 · Cited by 21
Bison alter the northern Yellowstone ecosystem by breaking aspen saplings
Painter, L. E., Beschta, R. L., & Ripple, W. J. (2023) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.10369 · Cited by 17
Some Geographic Features of the Kansas Prairie
Küchler, A. W. (1967) · Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science · doi:10.2307/3627486 · Cited by 15
The Herpetology of Tiber Reservoir Area, Montana
Mosimann, J. E., & Rabb, G. B. (1952) · Copeia · doi:10.2307/1437617 · Cited by 14
Knapp, P. (1991) · Journal of Arid Environments · doi:10.1016/s0140-1963(18)30709-2 · Cited by 14
Truett, J. C., Endangered, T., & Fund, S. (2003) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 9
Potential Ecological Impact of Diet Selectivity and Bison Herd Composition
Rosas, C. A., Engle, D. M., & Shaw, J. H. (2005) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 8
Declines of prairie butterflies in the midwestern USA
Swengel, S. R., Schlicht, D. W., Olsen, F., & Swengel, A. B. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1442-7_15 · Cited by 7
Shearman, R. C., Riordan, T. P., & Johnson, P. G. (2004) · Agronomy monograph/Agronomy · doi:10.2134/agronmonogr45.c31 · Cited by 8
Jönsson, J., Priebe, J., Mårald, E., & Lundmark, T. (2022) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2022.04.007 · Cited by 6
Once There Were So Many: Animals as Ecological Baselines
Wiersma, Y. F., & Sandlos, J. (2011) · Environmental History · doi:10.1093/envhis/emr045 · Cited by 6
SMALL BISON HERD UTILIZATION OF TALLGRASS PRAIRIE
Larson, L., & Murdock, G. K. (1989) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 4
Persistence and Change in the Natural and Cultural Landscapes of the Central Plains
Blakeslee, D. J. (1996) · Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science · doi:10.2307/3627982 · Cited by 4
Whyte, P., Henderson, D. C., Heuer, K., & Ford, A. T. (2024) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.11008 · Cited by 3
“Population densities play a large role in how bison impact vegetation (Larson, 1940) and consequently how they interact with other co-occurring species (Foca & Boyce, 2022).”
BackgroundCurrent and Historic Natural Resources of the Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site
Weist, K. M., Lowe, J. A., Willard, E., & Wilson, P. B. (1980) · Cited by 2
Grass in conservation in the United States
States., U. (1964) · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.82283 · Cited by 1
Blütenbiologie, Symbiosen u. a.
Schmucker, T. (1941) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-92425-5_18
Schiebout, M. H., & Franklin, S. B. (2014) · The Southwestern Naturalist · doi:10.1894/f12-jb-38.1
“Grazing by ungulates historically had a profound influence on the vegetative structure of shortgrass steppe (Larson, 1940; Milchunas et al., 1998) and continues to impact structure and function of plants through grazing by domestic cattle (Milchunas and Lauenroth, 1993).”
BackgroundRyan, M. R., Renken, R. B., & Dinsmore, J. J. (2016)
Vandenberg, P. (1985) · The Mathematics Enthusiast
A selected bibliography of natural plant communities in 11 midwestern States
Heerwagen, A. (1971) · U.S. Government Printing Office eBooks · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.65878
Chapman, B. R., & Bolen, E. G. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118971550.ch5
Ökologische Pflanzengeographie
Walter, H. (1941) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-92425-5_13
Characterizing the Drivers of Northern Mixed-Grass Prairie Plant Community Composition
Bennett, S. K., Bloodworth, K. J., Alley, S. J. M., Blake, E. M., Brenneman, R. R., Young, A. L., Shamon, H., & Komatsu, K. J. (2025) · Natural Areas Journal · doi:10.3375/2162-4399-45.3.4
(2001) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 42
Metadata
- Authors
- Larson, F.
- Corresponding author
- Larson, Floyd
- Venue
- Ecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1940-04
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 113-121
- ISSN
- 0012-9658 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-9170
- OpenAlex
- W2138615347
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 6.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ecology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Ecology and biodiversity studies
- Keywords
- bison, grazing, grassland management, rangeland ecology
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
