Dynamics of the Shrub Continuum Along the Gallatin River in Yellowstone National Park
Abstract
Willows dominate the shrub vegetation along the Gallatin River and with the other shrubs allow different growth and mortality responses relative to their position from the river and other environmental factors. The shrub species from a continuum from the river to the dry grassland depending upon the varying moisture regime. The sequence of shrub species from wet to dry appears to be Salix farrae, S. lutea, S. drummondiana, S. exiqua, Artemisia cana, and A. tridentata. Individual species also vary in their ability to survive present environmental pressures, including periodic heavy browsing.
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After wolf removal, elk increased browsing pressure on riparian plant communities in the upper Gallatin winter range.
“With the extirpation of wolves in the mid-1920s from the upper Gallatin Basin in the Park's northwestern corner, elk populations were similarly able to increase browsing pressure on riparian plant communities.”
From River channel dynamics following extirpation of wolves in northwestern Yellowstone National Park, USA (2006) · cites this paper as Patten, 1968
From a high of 1700-2500 elk in the 1930s, the upper Gallatin elk population declined to 800-1300 by the late 1990s because of deteriorating winter forage, severe winters, and hunting.
“From a high of 1700 -2500 elk (8 -12 elk km -2 ) in the 1930s, elk populations declined to a low of 800-1300 elk (4 -6 elk km -2 ) by the late 1990s because of (1) a deterioration of foraging conditions in the winter range (due to high rates of herbivory) in combination with the periodic occurrence of severe winters, during which significant numbers of elk starved, and (2) annual harvest by Hunt”
From River channel dynamics following extirpation of wolves in northwestern Yellowstone National Park, USA (2006) · cites this paper as Patten, 1968
Willows along reaches B and C experienced significant browsing pressure from the mid-1920s until recent years.
“willows along these reaches have experienced significant browsing pressure from the mid-1920s until recent years (Patten, 1968;Lovaas, 1970;Ripple and Beschta, 2004b).”
From River channel dynamics following extirpation of wolves in northwestern Yellowstone National Park, USA (2006) · cites this paper as Patten, 1968
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wolves, elk, willows, and trophic cascades in the upper Gallatin Range of Southwestern Montana, USA
Ripple, W. J., & Beschta, R. L. (2004) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.06.017 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Ungulate Herbivory of Willows on Yellowstone's Northern Winter Range
Singer, F. J., Mark, L. C., & Cates, R. C. (1994) · Journal of Range Management · doi:10.2307/4002993 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Beschta, R. L., & Ripple, W. J. (2006) · Earth Surface Processes and Landforms · doi:10.1002/esp.1362 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Wolf presence and increased willow consumption by Yellowstone elk: implications for trophic cascades
Creel, S., & Christianson, D. (2009) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/08-2017.1 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Recovering Riparian Plant Communities with Wolves in Northern Yellowstone, U.S.A.
Beschta, R. L., & Ripple, W. J. (2008) · Restoration Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1526-100x.2008.00450.x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Beschta, R. L., & Ripple, W. J. (2007) · Western North American Naturalist · doi:10.3398/1527-0904(2007)67[613:iwhany]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
- Authors
- Patten, D. T.
- Corresponding author
- Patten, D. T.
- Venue
- Ecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1968-11
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1107-1112
- ISSN
- 0012-9658 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-9170
- OpenAlex
- W1990024025
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2021: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ecology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Ecology and biodiversity studies
- Keywords
- willow, Artemisia, moisture regime, shrub mortality, Yellowstone National Park, dry grassland
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