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Kelp Beds and Sea Otters: An Experimental Approach
Abstract
In Torch Bay, Alaska, USA, sea urchins structure shallow subtidal communities by consuming most macroscopic algae. Experimental removal of urchins leads to the development, within 1 yr, of a kelp association of high biomass and diversity. In the 2nd yr, however, these attributes decrease as a single kelp species, Laminaria groenlandica, becomes dominant. Additional field experiments confirm the competitive superiority of this kelp. These manipulations lead to predictions regarding the ecological role of sea otters, a once common (but now absent) sea urchin predator. The predictions are tested and verified by examining areas into which sea otters have recently been transplanted. As expected, a rapid and extensive modification of algal species composition and a dramatic increase in kelp biomass follow the return of sea otters.
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Citations
Cited by
Field Experiments on Interspecific Competition
Schoener, T. W. (1983) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/284133 · Cited by 2,361
The keystone-species concept in ecology and conservation.
Mills, L. S., & Doak, D. F. (1993) · BioScience · doi:10.2307/1312122 · Cited by 1,306
Killer Whale Predation on Sea Otters Linking Oceanic and Nearshore Ecosystems
Estes, J. A., Tinker, M. T., Williams, T. M., & Doak, D. F. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5388.473 · Cited by 1,263
Predation, Competition, and Prey Communities: A Review of Field Experiments
Sih, A. (1985) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.16.1.269 · Cited by 1,231
A Functional Group Approach to the Structure of Algal-Dominated Communities
Steneck, R. S., & Dethier, M. N. (1994) · Oikos · doi:10.2307/3545860 · Cited by 1,156
Metadata
- Authors
- Duggins, D. O.
- Venue
- Ecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1980-06
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 447-453
- ISSN
- 0012-9658 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-9170
- OpenAlex
- W2039105257
- Cited by
- 301
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 11.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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