The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Delinquency and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs.
Overview
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Integrity signals
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Claims the paper makes
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Citations
Cited by
Mass imprisonment and the life course: Race and class inequality in U.S. incarceration
Pettit, B., & Western, B. (2004) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240406900201 · Cited by 1,499
Companions in Crime: The Social Aspects of Criminal Conduct
Warr, M. (2002) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511803956 · Cited by 1,122
Gangs and Delinquency in Developmental Perspective
Thornberry, T. P., Krohn, M. D., Lizotte, A. J., Smith, C. A., & Tobin, K. (2002) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499517 · Cited by 828
Truancy’s Effect on the Onset of Drug Use among Urban Adolescents Placed at Risk
Henry, K. L., & Huizinga, D. H. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.11.138 · Cited by 149
Conway, K. P., & McCord, J. (2002) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.90011 · Cited by 139
Metadata
- Authors
- Clinard, M. B., Cloward, R. A., & Ohlin, L. E.
- Venue
- American Sociological Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1961-06
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 481
- ISSN
- 0003-1224 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2797423517
- Cited by
- 567
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 14.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Delinquency and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/2090685
- The paper
- Clinard, M. B., Cloward, R. A., & Ohlin, L. E. (1961). Delinquency and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs. American Sociological Review. https://doi.org/10.2307/2090685
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
