The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
“Russia’s Special Position in China during the Early Ch’ing Period.”
Abstract
During the K'ang-hsi (1662-1722) and Yung-cheng (1723-35) periods, Russia was the only foreign country with which China maintained treaty relations, the only “Western” state to which China sent diplomatic missions, and the only foreign power granted religious, commercial, and educational privileges in Peking. These were most unusual phenomena in Chinese foreign relations in view of China's claim to universal overlordship. As the Celestial Empire and the Middle Kingdom, China normally maintained no treaty relations with other states, sent no diplomatic missions abroad, and allowed no foreign country to keep permanent establishments in the capital city of Peking. It may therefore be asked, what differentiated Russia from the other foreign states in Chinese eyes and what prompted the Chinese to accord Russia preferential treatment?
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In the citing paper
“By the time the Qing lifted their siege in mid-1687, the Albazin Cossacks had persevered for over a year and their forces had been reduced from approximately 1,000 to only 66.”
From Big Heads and Buddhist Demons: The Korean Musketry Revolution and the Northern Expeditions of 1654 and 1658 (2014) · cites this paper as Hsu 1964
In the citing paper
“On May 21, 1685, General Pengchun, assisted by Sabsu and Langtan, led an impressive army of 15,000 men to Fort Albazin, which was guarded by 450 Cossacks and their newly appointed voevoda, Akekesay Tolbuzin.”
From Big Heads and Buddhist Demons: The Korean Musketry Revolution and the Northern Expeditions of 1654 and 1658 (2014) · cites this paper as Hsu 1964
Citations
Cites
Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644-1912).
Michael, F., & Hummel, A. W. (1944) · The Far Eastern Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2049036 · Cited by 314
Russian expansion on the Pacific, 1641-1850
Golder, F. A. (1914) · Cited by 14
Lattimore, O. (1962) · Pacific Affairs · doi:10.2307/2753154 · Cited by 10
Timkovski, E. F., Lloyd, H. E., & Timkovskiĭ, E. F. (2010) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 8
Research works printed but not linked: 12
- Tulisen, I-yüeh lu, SFPS, 43, 7
- Ravenstein, 1861, The Russians on the Amur : Its Discovery, Conquest, and Colonisation, 26–27
- Baddeley, 1919, Russia, Mongolia, China, II, 195
- Shunjü, 1950, Explanatory Notes on Tulisen's I-yü-lu, Studia Serica, IX, 1
- Mark, 1956, Papers on China, IX
- I-shan, 1962, Ch'ing-tai t'ung-shih, I, 82
- Howorth, 1876, History of the Mongols, I, 627
- Hummel, 1943-44, Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period, I, 265
- Sebes, S.J., 1961, The Jesuits and the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689), 24–25
- Staunton, 1821, Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars, in the Years 1712, 13, 14, and 15, by the Chinese Ambassador, and Published by the Emperor's Authority, at Pekin
- Ch'en, 1949, Chinese Frontier Diplomacy : Kiakhta Boundary Treaties and Agreements, The Yenching Journal of Social Studies, IV, 2
- Gaston, 1912, Histoire des relations de la Russie avec la Chine, 1689-1730, 137
Cited by
Fields of Practice: Symbolic Binding and the Qing Defense of Sinocentric Diplomacy
Banks, D. (2019) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1093/isq/sqz054 · Cited by 34
Kang, H. H. (2014) · Journal of Chinese Military History · doi:10.1163/22127453-12341256 · Cited by 13
Lam, S. H. (2024) · Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d’histoire du droit international · doi:10.1163/15718050-bja10096 · Cited by 2
Ren, T. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4815138 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Hsü, I. C. Y.
- Corresponding author
- Hsü, Immanuel C. Y.
- Venue
- Slavic Review
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1964-12
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 688-700
- ISSN
- 0037-6779 (ISSN-L)
- 2325-7784
- OpenAlex
- W2335498366
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Slavic Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Chinese history and philosophy
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Historical Influence and Diplomacy
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Soviet and Russian History
- Keywords
- Qing dynasty, Russia-China relations, Kangxi Emperor, treaty relations, diplomatic missions, Chinese foreign policy
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- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: “Russia’s Special Position in China during the Early Ch’ing Period.”. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/2492205
- The paper
- Hsü, I. C. Y. (1964). “Russia’s Special Position in China during the Early Ch’ing Period.”. Slavic Review. https://doi.org/10.2307/2492205
