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The Effectiveness of Adjustment by Subclassification in Removing Bias in Observational Studies

Cochran, W. G.·1968·Biometrics

DOI 10.2307/2528036

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Authors: Cochran, W. G.
Corresponding author: Cochran, W. G.
Venue: Biometrics
Publisher: JSTOR
Published: 1968-06
Volume: 24
Issue: 2
Pages: 295
ISSN: 0006-341X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2307/2528036
OpenAlex: W4297791620
Cited by: 961
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 58
FWCI: 3.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Biometrics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Keywords: subclassification, bias mitigation, observational studies, confounding, stratified analysis
MeSH terms: Aged, Biometry, Humans, Male, Methods, Middle Aged, Mortality, Smoking

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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The Effectiveness of Adjustment by Subclassification in Removing Bias in Observational Studies

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