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The B-Value: A Tool for Monitoring Data
Abstract
This paper considers the problem of monitoring slowly accruing data from a nonsequentially designed experiment. We describe the use of the B-value, which is a transformed Z-value, for the calculation of conditional power. In data monitoring, interim Z-values do not allow simple projections to the end of the study. Moreover, because of their popular association with P-values, Z-values are often misinterpreted. If observed trends are viewed as the realization of a Brownian motion process, the B-value and its decomposition allow simple extrapolations to the end of the study under a variety of hypotheses. Applications are presented to one- and two-sample Z-tests, the two-sample Wilcoxon rank sum test, and the log-rank test.
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Cited by
Rubins, H. B., Robins, S. J., Collins, D., Fye, C. L., Anderson, J. W., Elam, M. B., Faas, F. H., Linares, E., Schaefer, E. J., Schectman, G., et al. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199908053410604 · Cited by 3,439
Self-citationToole, J. F., Malinow, M. R., Chambless, L. E., Spence, J. D., Pettigrew, L. C., Howard, V. J., Sides, E. G., Wang, C.-H., & Stampfer, M. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.5.565 · Cited by 1,391
Antenatal Betamethasone for Women at Risk for Late Preterm Delivery
Gyamfi-Bannerman, C., Thom, E. A., Blackwell, S. C., Tita, A. T. N., Reddy, U. M., Saade, G. R., Rouse, D. J., McKenna, D. S., Clark, E. A. S., Thorp, J. M., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1516783 · Cited by 814
The Look AHEAD Research Group (2003) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/s0197-2456(03)00064-3 · Cited by 767
Wilhelmus, K. R., Gee, L., Hauck, W. W., Kurinij, N., Dawson, C. R., Jones, D. B., Barron, B. A., Kaufman, H. E., Sugar, J., Hyndiuk, R. A., et al. (1994) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(94)31087-6 · Cited by 259
Metadata
- Authors
- Lan, K. K. G., & Wittes, J.
- Venue
- Biometrics
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1988-06
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 579
- ISSN
- 0006-341X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2031991866
- Cited by
- 303
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 3.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Lan, K. K. G., & Wittes, J. (1988). The B-Value: A Tool for Monitoring Data. Biometrics. https://doi.org/10.2307/2531870
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
