The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Assimilation Differences among Africans in America
Abstract
Data from the 1990 Census of Population are used to assess the earnings attainment of male African immigrants, their Caribbean-born counterparts, and native-born African Americans. Although Africans earn more than both Caribbean immigrants and native-born blacks, controlling for relevant earnings-related endowments erases the African advantage, and elevates Caribbean earnings above those of the other two groups. The findings also trace a substantial African (but not Caribbean) disadvantage, wherein university degree holders, particularly those with degrees earned abroad, receive little, if any, reward for their degrees. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The differences in economic and social achievements highlighted in works such as Dodoo (1997) and Djamba (1999) partly stem from this external construction lens.”
From Conceptualizing the Differences in the Perception and Internalization of Racism Between Black African Immigrants and African Americans in the United States (2025) · cites this paper as Dodoo 1997
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Racial Stratification, Immigration, and Health Inequality: A Life Course-Intersectional Approach
Brown, T. H. (2018) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/soy013 · Cited by 174
Lee, C. D. (2010) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x10392139 · Cited by 102
Immigrants’ Economic Assimilation: Evidence from Longitudinal Earnings Records
Villarreal, A., & Tamborini, C. R. (2018) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/0003122418780366 · Cited by 85
Profiles of depressive symptoms among African Americans and Caribbean Blacks
Lincoln, K. D., Chatters, L. M., Taylor, R. J., & Jackson, J. S. (2007) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.02.038 · Cited by 94
Bryant, C. M., Taylor, R. J., Lincoln, K. D., Chatters, L. M., & Jackson, J. S. (2008) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2008.00497.x · Cited by 94
Metadata
- Authors
- Dodoo, F. N.-A.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dodoo, F. Nii-Amoo
- Venue
- Social Forces
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1997-12
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 527
- ISSN
- 0037-7732 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2098264904
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 7.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Social Forces (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration and Labor Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
- Keywords
- assimilation, African immigrants, Caribbean immigrants, earnings, educational attainment, returns to education, degree holders, racial earnings gap
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
