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Expressive Theories of Law: A General Restatement
Abstract
Expressive conceptions of practical reason, morality, and law are gaining increasing currency. This article provides the first general statement of the aims and features of expressivism in law and morality. Two central themes structure the analysis. First, what precisely does it mean for action, either of individuals or collectives, such as democratic bodies, to express values? On this point, we distinguish the concept of expression from the narrower concept of communication; actions can express values, attitudes, and purposes whether or not the actor intends to communicate any specific proposition. Second, even if it is appropriate to consider the expressive dimensions of individual action, for both practical and moral reasoning, does it make sense to attribute expressive characteristics to collective agents, such as the State? On this point, we develop a concept of collective agency that justifies holding such agents responsible for the expressive dimensions of their actions. Much of our existing moral and legal evaluative practices are best understood, we claim, through the kind of expressivist perspective developed here. We illustrate this claim with examples from Constitutional Law, including the areas of federalism, interstate relations, equality, and the establishment clause. We also respond to recent critics of expressivism who have raised important challenges to the principles of expressive theories of law and morality.
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“The expressive meaning of a norm does not inhere in that norm in isolation, but is a product of interpreting the norm in the full context in which it is adopted and implemented.”
From Why Yellow Fever Isn't Flattering: A Case Against Racial Fetishes (2016) · cites this paper as Anderson and Pildes (2000)
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“Expressive meanings are socially constructed.”
From Why Yellow Fever Isn't Flattering: A Case Against Racial Fetishes (2016) · cites this paper as Anderson and Pildes (2000)
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“Racialized preferences for a specific out-group possess what Elizabeth Anderson and Richard Pildes (2000) call 'expressive meanings':”
From Why Yellow Fever Isn't Flattering: A Case Against Racial Fetishes (2016) · cites this paper as Anderson and Pildes (2000)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Anderson, E. S., & Pildes, R. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- New York University (US)
- Venue
- University of Pennsylvania Law Review
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 2000-05
- Volume
- 148
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1503
- ISSN
- 0041-9907 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1486791852
- Cited by
- 492
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 72 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 22.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- University of Pennsylvania Law Review (publishedVersion)
- eYLS (Yale Law School) (submittedVersion)
- Penn Carey Law Legal Scholarship Repository (University of Pennsylvania) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Comparative constitutional jurisprudence studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophical Ethics and Theory
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Legal and Social Philosophy
- Keywords
- expressivism, practical reason, moral reasoning, collective agency, collective action, moral responsibility, constitutional law, federalism, interstate relations, equality, Establishment Clause, legal evaluation
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