The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hospital Care and the Vanishing Midwife
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The demand for midwives appears to have been much higher among blacks than among whites throughout the period under study (Dart 1921; Cornely 1942; Jacobson 1956; Robinson 1984).”
From Occupational Licensing and Maternal Health: Evidence from Early Midwifery Laws (2020) · cites this paper as Jacobson 1956
In the citing paper
“Even in 1940, almost half of all births to nonwhite mothers were attended by midwives ( Jacobson 1956, 254).”
From Occupational Licensing and Maternal Health: Evidence from Early Midwifery Laws (2020) · cites this paper as Jacobson 1956, 254
In the citing paper
“According to Jacobson (1956), midwives in the United States attended 40% of births before World War I.”
From Occupational Licensing and Maternal Health: Evidence from Early Midwifery Laws (2020) · cites this paper as Jacobson (1956)
Citations
Cites
THE MIDWIFE PROBLEM IN THE UNITED STATES
Rude, A. E. (1923) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1923.02650120019006 · Cited by 6
Cited by
Occupational Licensing and Maternal Health: Evidence from Early Midwifery Laws
Anderson, D. M., Brown, R., Charles, K. K., & Rees, D. I. (2020) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/710555 · Cited by 98
“9 By 1935, only 11% – 13% of births in the United States were attended by midwives; of these, approximately 60% were to nonwhite mothers (Jacobson 1956; Rushing 1994).”
InfluentialAnderson, D. M., Brown, R., Charles, K. K., & Rees, D. (2016) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w22456 · Cited by 19
Long-Term Health Benefits of Occupational Licensing: Evidence from Midwifery Laws
Noghanibehambari, H., & Fletcher, J. (2023) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102807 · Cited by 15
MIDWIFE TRAINING IN GEORGIA: NEEDS AND PROBLEMS
Cadwallader, M. F. (1957) · Bulletin of the American College of Nurse-Midwifery · doi:10.1111/j.1542-2011.1957.tb00328.x · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Jacobson, P. H.
- Corresponding author
- Jacobson, Paul H.
- Venue
- The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1956-07
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 253
- ISSN
- 0026-3745 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2276655726
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Medical History and Innovations
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes
- Keywords
- midwives, hospital care, obstetric care, health care delivery
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Midwifery, Pregnancy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Hospital Care and the Vanishing Midwife. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/3348527
- The paper
- Jacobson, P. H. (1956). Hospital Care and the Vanishing Midwife. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.2307/3348527
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.