The DOI matches its Crossref record; 122 of the 123 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Organizing Care for Patients with Chronic Illness
Abstract
Usual medical care often fails to meet the needs of chronically ill patients, even in managed, integrated delivery systems. The medical literature suggests strategies to improve outcomes in these patients. Effective interventions tend to fall into one of five areas: the use of evidence-based, planned care; reorganization of practice systems and provider roles; improved patient self-management support; increased access to expertise; and greater availability of clinical information. The challenge is to organize these components into an integrated system of chronic illness care. Whether this can be done most efficiently and effectively in primary care practice rather than requiring specialized systems of care remains unanswered.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Strong patient-provider relationships have long been acknowledged as crucial for delivering high-quality, person-centred care [40–43].”
From Caregiver experiences of an integrative patient-centered digital health application for pediatric type 1 diabetes care: Findings from a pilot clinical trial (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“There is a growing body of evidence that shows supporting people to self-manage their health and care can lead to improvements in clinical and humanistic outcomes [12–18], reducing the economic impact of chronic disease and a means of contributing to the sustainability of the global healthcare system.”
From Helping patients help themselves: A systematic review of self-management support strategies in primary health care practice (2019) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Similar trends have been found in existing literature in several contexts that self-management is essential to optimizing clinical and humanistic outcomes for patients with chronic conditions [13, 15, 18, 152–155].”
From Helping patients help themselves: A systematic review of self-management support strategies in primary health care practice (2019) · cites this paper as [153]
In the citing paper
“One such approach was initially articulated by Wagner et al as the 'chronic care model' 18 .”
From Integrated care for people with long-term mental and physical health conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (2019) · cites this paper as [18]
Citations
Cites
(1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,438
Effect of clinical guidelines on medical practice: a systematic review of rigorous evaluations
Grimshaw, J., & Russell, I. T. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)92244-n · Cited by 2,791
Rich, M. W., Beckham, V., Wittenberg, C., Leven, C. L., Freedland, K. E., & Carney, R. M. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199511023331806 · Cited by 2,327
Expanding Patient Involvement in Care
Greenfield, S., Kaplan, S. H., & Ware, J. E. (1985) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-102-4-520 · Cited by 1,459
The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine
Cassell, E. J. (1998) · Loss Grief & Care · doi:10.1300/j132v08n01_18 · Cited by 1,178
Patients’ participation in medical care
Greenfield, S., Kaplan, S. H., Ware, J. E., Yano, E. M., & Frank, H. J. L. (1988) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02595921 · Cited by 1,117
Evidence for the effectiveness of CME. A review of 50 randomized controlled trials
Davis, D. A. (1992) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.268.9.1111 · Cited by 1,065
Principles of Educational Outreach ('Academic Detailing') to Improve Clinical Decision Making
Soumerai, S. B. (1990) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03440040088034 · Cited by 1,045
Lorig, K. R., Mazonson, P. D., & Holman, H. R. (1993) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780360403 · Cited by 871
Does Increased Access to Primary Care Reduce Hospital Readmissions?
Weinberger, M., Oddone, E. Ž., & Henderson, W. G. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199605303342206 · Cited by 796
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 123 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS
Kirchhof, P. F., Benussi, S., Kotecha, D., Ahlsson, A., Atar, D., Casadei, B., Castellà, M., Diener, H., Heidbüchel, H., Hendriks, J., et al. (2016) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euw295 · Cited by 6,438
2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS
Kirchhof, P., Benussi, S., Kotecha, D., Ahlsson, A., Atar, D., Casadei, B., Castella, M., Diener, H.-C., Heidbuchel, H., Hendriks, J., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw210 · Cited by 6,418
Fried, L. P., Ferrucci, L., Darer, J., Williamson, J. D., & Anderson, G. (2004) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/59.3.m255 · Cited by 4,032
Improving chronic illness care: translating evidence into action
Wagner, E. H., Austin, B. T., Davis, C., Hindmarsh, M., Schaefer, J., & Bonomi, A. (2001) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.20.6.64 · Cited by 3,446
Self-citationImproving Primary Care for Patients With Chronic Illness
Bodenheimer, T. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.14.1775 · Cited by 2,961
Metadata
- Authors
- Wagner, E. H., Austin, B. T., & Korff, M. V.
- Affiliations
- Group Health Cooperative (US)
- ORCID
- Wagner, Edward H.
- Venue
- The Milbank Quarterly
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1996
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 511
- ISSN
- 0887-378X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2062797692
- Cited by
- 2,877
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 110 · 2021: 139 · 2020: 104 · 2019: 148 · 2018: 130 · 2017: 137 · 2016: 136 · 2015: 151 · 2014: 150 · 2013: 152 · 2012: 151
- FWCI
- 14.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Milbank Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Primary Care and Health Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Healthcare Systems and Technology
- Keywords
- chronic care, care organization, primary care, managed care, integrated health system, evidence-based care, patient self-management, clinical data, provider role, care coordination
- MeSH terms
- Chronic Disease, Continuity of Patient Care, Humans, Patient Education as Topic, Primary Health Care, United States, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Models, Organizational, Patient-Centered Care, Disease Management
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
