Fifteen Testable Predictions about Bird Flight
Abstract
Colin J. Pennycuick, Fifteen Testable Predictions about Bird Flight, Oikos, Vol. 30, No. 2, Current Bird Migration Research. Proceedings of a Symposium at Falsterbo, Sweden, 3-8 October, 1977 (1978), pp. 165-176
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Aerodynamic models predict an increase in cruising flight speed with altitude at the approximate rate of 5% per 1000 m, primarily because of the reduction in wing and body drag, and because of the relatively small magnitude of induced power in forward flight relative to other components of energetic expenditure.
“Specifically, aerodynamic models predict an increase in cruising flight speed with altitude at the approximate rate of 5% per 1000 m, primarily because of the reduction in wing and body drag, and because of the relatively small magnitude of induced power in forward flight relative to other components of energetic expenditure (Pennycuick, 1978;Hedenstro ¨m, 2003).”
From The physiology and biomechanics of avian flight at high altitude (2006) · cites this paper as Pennycuick, 1978
Cited by
Sorted by citations
ANDERSSON, M., & NORBERG, R. Å. (1981) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1981.tb00752.x · Cited by 368 · see citing works
The physiology and biomechanics of avian flight at high altitude
Altshuler, D. L. (2006) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icj008 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Soaring energetics and glide performance in a moving atmosphere
Taylor, G. K., Reynolds, K. V., & Thomas, A. L. R. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0398 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Twenty-Three Testable Predictions About Bird Flight
Hedenström, A. (2003) · Avian Migration · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-05957-9_38 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pennycuick, C. J.
- Corresponding author
- Pennycuick, Colin J.
- Venue
- Oikos
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1978
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 165
- ISSN
- 0030-1299 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1972240739
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oikos (publishedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Keywords
- bird flight, flight dynamics, falsifiable predictions, avian aerodynamics, flight performance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
