Effect of Snow Depth on Predation and Scavenging by Gray Wolves
Abstract
Snow can affect wolf predation rates, diet composition, and scavenging, which are important components in understanding and managing wolf-prey systems. Thus, I located elk (Cervus elaphus) killed by gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Banff National Park, Alberta for 5 winters, and I followed one pack of wolves intensively throughout 1 winter to determine the effects of snow depth on wolf predation
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In harsh winters with greater snowpack, wolves kill more frequently and initial consumption of prey by wolves decreases, leaving a greater proportion of carrion for scavengers.
“In harsh winters with greater snowpack, wolves kill more frequently (Huggard, 1993; Mech, Smith, Murphy, & MacNulty, 2001; Post, Peterson, Stenseth, & McLaren, 1999) and initial consumption of prey by wolves decreases (Mech et al., 2001; Vucetich, Vucetich, & Peterson, 2012; Wilmers, Crabtree, et al., 2003), leaving a greater proportion of carrion for scavengers.”
From Population responses of common ravens to reintroduced gray wolves (2018) · cites this paper as Huggard, 1993
Wolf kill rates increase in winters with increased snowpack.
“Wolf kill rates increase in winters with increased snowpack (Huggard, 1993; Mech et al., 2001; Post et al., 1999)”
From Population responses of common ravens to reintroduced gray wolves (2018) · cites this paper as Huggard, 1993
Deep snow favors wolves after encounters by hindering ungulate locomotion.
“Deep snow also favours wolves after encounters because it can hinder ungulate locomotion (Huggard 1993;Post et al. 1999).”
From Landscape heterogeneity shapes predation in a newly restored predator–prey system (2007) · cites this paper as Huggard 1993
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References 8 · Cited by 166
- Authors
- Huggard, D. J.
- Corresponding author
- Huggard, David J.
- Venue
- The Journal of Wildlife Management
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1993-04
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 382
- ISSN
- 0022-541X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2313309443
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Wildlife Management (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Keywords
- snow depth, gray wolves, wolf, wolf predation, scavenging, elk, red deer, Banff National Park
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