The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Courtship Feeding in Birds
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In most species, food sharing occurs between kin, such as parents provisioning their offspring (birds [44], mammals [45,47,49]), or between mating partners (insects [44], birds [43], mammals [45,47,50], humans [51]).”
From Food sharing is linked to urinary oxytocin levels and bonding in related and unrelated wild chimpanzees (2014) · cites this paper as [43]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Oceanic Birds of South America
Smith Christopher, G. (1936) · Nature · doi:10.1038/1371050a0 · Cited by 341
Goethe, F. (1937) · Journal für Ornithologie · doi:10.1007/bf01905490 · Cited by 115
Environmental Responses of Vertebrates in the Great Basin
Linsdale, J. M. (1938) · The American Midland Naturalist · doi:10.2307/2420430 · Cited by 81
The expressions of emotion in the pigeons. I. The blond ring‐dove (Turtur risorius)
Craig, W. (1909) · Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology · doi:10.1002/cne.920190103 · Cited by 26
26. The Comparative Breeding Biology of the African Hornbills (Bucerotidæ)
Moreau, E. (1937) · Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London · doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1937.tb00815.x · Cited by 25
Behavior of Black Skimmers at Cardwell Island, Virginia
Pettingill, O. S. (1937) · The Auk · doi:10.2307/4078076 · Cited by 25
Analyse des Sperrens und Pickens in der Entwicklung des Stars
Holzapfel, M. (1939) · Journal für Ornithologie · doi:10.1007/bf01950718 · Cited by 21
Howard, H. E., & Grönvold, H. (1907) · Cited by 17
The Expressions of Emotion in the Pigeons. II. The Mourning Dove (Zenaidura macroura Linn.)
Craig, W. (1911) · The Auk · doi:10.2307/4071159 · Cited by 14
The Significance of Combat in Male Rosy Finches
Twining, H. (1938) · Ornithological Applications · doi:10.2307/1363366 · Cited by 14
Research works printed but not linked: 20
- Bent, 1937, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 2
- Butler, 1905, Avic. Mag., 3, 217
- Seth-Smith, 1905, Ornis, 14, 663
- Zimmerman, 1937, Mit. saechs. Ver. Orn., 5, 105
- Holstein, 1938, Dansk. Orn. Foren. Tids., 32, 31
- Tinbergen, 1932, Ardea, 21, 1
- Lorenz, 1937, Journ. f. Orn., 83
- Spennermann, 1928, Beitr. z. Fortpfl.-biol. d. Vög., 4, 139
- Thomas, 1934, Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc. New York, 1931-32, 44, 46
- Bent, 1938, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 243
- Delacour, 1938, Proc. 8th Int. Orn. Congr., 717
- Thoms, 1927, Bird-Lore, 29, 191
- Gunderson, 1939, Condor, 41, 259
- Berndt, 1933, Beitr. z. Fortpfl.-biol. d. Vög., 9, 138
- Miller, 1931, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 38
- Jourdain, 1935, Brit. Birds, 29, 95
- Walkinshaw, 1939, Bird-Banding, 9, 41
- Harding, 1931, Auk, 48, 516
- Steinbacher, 1938, Beitr. z. Fortpfl.-biol. d. Vög., 14, 81
- Ganier, 1937, Wilson Bull., 49, 15
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–183 of 183
Female control in yellow-legged gulls: trading paternity assurance for food
Velando, A. (2004) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.08.019 · Cited by 17
García, G. Ó., Becker, P. H., & Favero, M. (2010) · Journal für Ornithologie · doi:10.1007/s10336-010-0554-4 · Cited by 16
Kötél, D., Laczi, M., Török, J., & Hegyi, G. (2016) · Ibis · doi:10.1111/ibi.12389 · Cited by 16
Shaw, R. C., MacKinlay, R. D., Clayton, N. S., & Burns, K. C. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00879-1 · Cited by 15
Feeding Ecology of Forster's Terns on Lake Osakis, Minnesota
Fraser, G. S. (1997) · Colonial Waterbirds · doi:10.2307/1521767 · Cited by 15
Anticipatory Food-Bringing in the Prairie Warbler
Nolan, V. (1958) · The Auk · doi:10.2307/4081972 · Cited by 15
Nuptial gifts among Brazilian cuckoos: an outline based on citizen science
Tubelis, D. P., & Sazima, I. (2021) · Ornithology Research · doi:10.1007/s43388-021-00072-z · Cited by 14
A sexually transmitted sugar orchestrates reproductive responses to nutritional stress
Kim, S.-J., Lee, K., Park, S. H., Yang, T., Song, I., Rai, F., Hoshino, R., Yun, M., Zhang, C., Kim, J., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-52807-3 · Cited by 14
Alley, T. R., Brubaker, L., & Fox, O. M. (2013) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-013-9179-7 · Cited by 14
Function of courtship feeding in the Bull-headed Shrike,Lanius bucephalus
Yamagishi, S., & Saito, M. (1985) · Journal of Ethology · doi:10.1007/bf02350301 · Cited by 14
Life Histories of Two Panamanian Antbirds
Skutch, A. F. (1946) · Ornithological Applications · doi:10.2307/1364150 · Cited by 14
NEST‐SITE SELECTION AND COURTSHIP BEHAVIOUR OF THE BLUE TTT PARUS CAERULEUS
Stokes, A. W. (1960) · Ibis · doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1960.tb07127.x · Cited by 14
Ostojić, L., Cheke, L. G., Shaw, R. C., Legg, E. W., & Clayton, N. S. (2016) · Communicative & Integrative Biology · doi:10.1080/19420889.2015.1134065 · Cited by 13
Food limitation causes female haglids to mate more often
Judge, K. A., Luca, P. A. D., & Morris, G. K. (2011) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/z11-078 · Cited by 13
Do extended incubation recesses carry fitness costs in two cavity-nesting birds?
Bueno-Enciso, J., Barrientos, R., Ferrer, E. S., & Sanz, J. J. (2017) · Journal of Field Ornithology · doi:10.1111/jofo.12194 · Cited by 13
GROWTH OF NESTLINGS OF THE BLUE-FRONTED AMAZON (AMAZONA AESTIVA) RAISED IN THE WILD OR IN CAPTIVITY
Helena, G., Seixas, F., Mourão, G. M., & de Estado, S. (2003) · Cited by 13
What motivates the food bringing behaviour of the peregrine falcon throughout breeding?
Carlier, P., & Gallo, A. (1995) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/0376-6357(94)00027-e · Cited by 13
The Influence of Food on Reproductive Strategies in a Monogamous Kingfisher (Chloroceryle amazona)
Davis, W. J., & Graham, D. J. (1991) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · doi:10.1093/auk/108.4.780 · Cited by 13
Beitrag zur Verhaltensbiologie des Weidenlaubsängers(Phylloscopus collybita)
Homann, P. (1960) · Journal für Ornithologie · doi:10.1007/bf01670640 · Cited by 12
Courtship-feeding and clutch size in Common terns Sterna hirundo
Nisbet, I. C. T. (1977) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-02962-4_10 · Cited by 12
The Functions of Female Calls in Birds
Amy, M., Salvin, P., & Leboucher, G. (2017) · Advances in the study of behavior · doi:10.1016/bs.asb.2017.11.002 · Cited by 11
Amat, J. A. (2000) · Journal für Ornithologie · doi:10.1007/bf02462242 · Cited by 11
Economics of courtship-feeding in the European bee-eater (Merops apiaster)
Avery, M. I., Krebs, J. R., & Houston, A. I. (1988) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/bf00299888 · Cited by 11
Kunkel, P. (2010) · Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1962.tb00789.x · Cited by 11
Breeding Ecology of the Endemic Hook-billed Vanga, Vanga curvirostris, in Madagascar.
Rakotomanana, H. F., Nakamura, M., & Yamagishi, S. (2001) · Yamashina Chōrui Kenkyūjo Kenkyū hōkoku/Yamashina Chourui Kenkyuujo kenkyuu houkoku · doi:10.3312/jyio1952.33.25 · Cited by 9
Cunningham, J. B. (1985) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/6932 · Cited by 9
Mate Feeding by Western and Clark's Grebes
Nuechterlein, G. L., & Storer, R. W. (1989) · Ornithological Applications · doi:10.2307/1368146 · Cited by 8
Factors Affecting Female Incubation Behavior in the Bull-Headed Shrike
Endo, S., & Ueda, K. (2016) · ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE · doi:10.2326/osj.15.151 · Cited by 8
Why Do Male House Wrens Feed Their Incubating Mates so Rarely?
Johnson, L. S., & Kermott, L. H. (1992) · The American Midland Naturalist · doi:10.2307/2426336 · Cited by 8
Courtship Feeding and Copulatory Behaviour in the Common Tern Sterna hirundo
Wiggins, D. A., & Morris, R. D. (1988) · Ornis Scandinavica · doi:10.2307/3676467 · Cited by 8
The Vocal Repertoire of the White-throated Magpie-jay, Calocitta formosa
Ellis, J. M. S. (2008) · eCommons (Cornell University) · Cited by 8
Villain, A. S., Mahamoud-Issa, M., Doligez, B., & Vignal, C. (2017) · Journal für Ornithologie · doi:10.1007/s10336-017-1449-4 · Cited by 7
Observations on the breeding biology of the Andean Ibis (Theristicus branickii) in Ecuador
Luzuriaga-Neira, N., Cuichán, D., da Costa, M., & Reyes, N. (2021) · Ornithology Research · doi:10.1007/s43388-021-00044-3 · Cited by 7
The Nesting Activities of the Swallow.
Puciiox, R. D. (1948) · Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London · doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1948.tb00371.x · Cited by 7
Corbani, A., Hachey, M.-H., & Desrochers, A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101765 · Cited by 6
A GREATER ANI (CROTOPHAGA MAJOR) GIVES A NUPTIAL GIFT WHILE COPULATING
Logue, D. M. (2007) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 6
Ledwoń, M., & Neubauer, G. (2018) · Journal of Avian Biology · doi:10.1111/jav.01503 · Cited by 6
Zum Balzverhalten des Zilpzalps,Phylloscopus collybita, im Frühling und im Herbst
Homann, P. H., & Gwinner, E. (1963) · Journal für Ornithologie · doi:10.1007/bf01671054 · Cited by 6
Biparental incubation and allofeeding at nests of Sagebrush Brewer's Sparrows
Halley, M. R., Holmes, A. L., & Robinson, W. D. (2015) · Journal of Field Ornithology · doi:10.1111/jofo.12098 · Cited by 5
The function of feeding by males to females in birds
Endo, S. (2014) · Japanese Journal of Ornithology · doi:10.3838/jjo.63.267 · Cited by 5
Epigamic and Reproductive Behavior of Orange-Chinned Parakeets in Captivity
Power, D. M. (1967) · Ornithological Applications · doi:10.2307/1366370 · Cited by 5
HOW THE MALE BIRD DISCOVERS THE NESTLINGS: Continued from ‘Ibis' 95: 37
Skutch, A. F. (1953) · Ibis · doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1953.tb00711.x · Cited by 4
Courtship-feeding in the ‘First Dates’ restaurant is highly predictive of a second date
Hendrie, C. A., & Shirley, I. (2019) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.104329 · Cited by 4
Some aspects of the breeding behavior of Swainson's hawks
Porton, I. J. (1977) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 4
BEHAVIOUR OF THE ALEUTIAN GREY‐CROWNED AND BROWN‐CAPPED ROSY FINCHES LEUCOSTICTE TEPHROCOTIS
Shreeve, D. F. (1980) · Ibis · doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1980.tb02657.x · Cited by 3
Dynamics and individual consistency of courtship‐feeding in wild toutouwai ( Petroica longipes )
McCallum, E., & Shaw, R. C. (2023) · New Zealand Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1080/03014223.2023.2221035 · Cited by 3
A Female-Specific Color Signal? Black-Mottled Bills Indicate Breeding in Female Common Waxbills
Cardoso, G. C., & Batalha, H. R. (2025) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/735832 · Cited by 3
Grinnell, C. (2023) · Scholarworks (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/1099535 · Cited by 3
„Zeremonielles Füttern“ bei der KolbenenteNetta rufina
Platz, F. (1964) · Journal für Ornithologie · doi:10.1007/bf01670991 · Cited by 3
Another Look at Courtship Feeding and Copulation Behavior in the Common Tern
Blanchard, L., & Morris, R. D. (1998) · Colonial Waterbirds · doi:10.2307/1521915 · Cited by 3
A possible interspecific feeding event of two hummingbird species in southeast Mexico
Levey, D. R., & Arizmendi, M. D. C. (2021) · The Wilson Journal of Ornithology · doi:10.1676/20-00105 · Cited by 2
An observation of between-mates feeding behaviour in chick-guarding chinstrap penguins
Mori, Y., Kokubun, N., Shin, H.-C., & Takahashi, A. (2010) · Polar Biology · doi:10.1007/s00300-010-0842-8 · Cited by 2
Helfenstein, F. (2002) · Cited by 2
Geupel, G. R., & Ballard, G. (2023) · Birds of the World · doi:10.2173/bow.wrenti.01.1 · Cited by 2
Wet kiss: water transfer as part of couple bonding in Rainbow Lorikeets?
Sazima, I. (2021) · Ornithology Research · doi:10.1007/s43388-021-00039-0 · Cited by 1
New insights into the behavioral ecology of the Pacific imperial pigeon (Ducula pacifica)
Morejohn, K. (2025) · Notornis · doi:10.63172/030191yughpk · Cited by 1
Radford, A. N. (2009) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01696.x · Cited by 1
Mutual feeding by the shining cuckoo (Chrysococcyx lucidus layardi) in New Caledonia
Okahisa, Y., & Sato, N. J. (2013) · Notornis · doi:10.63172//232472jpwiav · Cited by 1
Courtship and Offspring Feeding in Passerines, a Study Using Citizen Volunteers
Yoshikawa, T., & Endo, S. (2017) · ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE · doi:10.2326/osj.16.59 · Cited by 1
Claessens, O., Giraud-Audine, M., Royer, F., & Sénécaux, L. (2017) · Bulletin of the British Ornithologists Club · doi:10.25226/bboc.v137i1.2017.a1 · Cited by 1
Use of Tail Feather Traits to Determine Sex of Adult Grey-Faced Buzzards (Butastur indicus)
Horita, M., Imamori, T., Natsukawa, H., & Nonaka, J. (2020) · Journal of Raptor Research · doi:10.3356/0892-1016-54.3.311 · Cited by 1
Asymmetrical occurrence of altruistic behaviour within and between pair-bonds of large-billed crows
Takahashi, N., Seguchi, A., & Izawa, E. (2021) · Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology · doi:10.2502/janip.71.1.2 · Cited by 1
A STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE CRESTED BARBET. TRACHYPHONUS VAILLANTII
Prozesky, O. P. M. (1966) · Ostrich · doi:10.1080/00306525.1966.9639796 · Cited by 1
The Role of Social Capital in Human Evolution: lessons from BaYaka Hunter-Gatherers
Chaudhary, C. (2017) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 1
The role of learned foraging behaviour in mate interactions and mate choice decisions in birds
Boogert, N. J. (2011) · eScholarship@McGill (McGill) · doi:10.82308/38521
Failing, K., Lierz, M., Schildger, B., & Heiderich, E. (2016) · Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K Kleintiere / Heimtiere · doi:10.15654/tpk-150290
ANTICIPATORY FOOD-BRINGING IN THE
Warbler, P. (2016)
Power, D. M. (2016)
Extended Sperm Competition: Intra-sexual Selection and the Evolution of Avian Social Behaviour.
Ueda, K. (1994) · Yamashina Chōrui Kenkyūjo Kenkyū hōkoku/Yamashina Chourui Kenkyuujo kenkyuu houkoku · doi:10.3312/jyio1952.26.1
COURTSHIP feeding is widespread among birds and has presumably
Stokes, A. W., & Williams, H. (2016)
(2017) · Bulletin of the British Ornithologists Club · doi:10.25226/bboc.v137i1.2017.a10
Pettingill, O. S. (1984) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-552450-6.50019-9
Chaudhary, N. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2565-1
Pettingill, O. S. (1985) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-552455-1.50019-8
Chaudhary, N. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_2565
Cillard, A., Rodriguez, T. F., Robin, J., Bize, P., Stier, A., & Viblanc, V. A. (2023) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/1568539x-bja10212
Feelings and flirtations foster long-term cooperation
Bergstrom, C. T., & Ruxton, G. D. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2318584121
Nutritional content of Ficus benjamina fruits consumed by Frugivorous birds in Taman Botani Johor
PA'EE, F. B., Saien, N. F. A. M., Norazlimi, N. A., & Sulaiman, H. A. (2024) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/20249402003
Partial Sex-Role Reversal of the Pink Bollworm Moth (Pectinophora gossypiella)Preprint
Harari, A. R. (2025) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/cjbcqi
Karunakaran, R., Baburaj, N., Manjare, A., & Das, G. (2025) · Journal of Comparative Physiology A · doi:10.1007/s00359-025-01781-2
Prosociality, social cognition and empathy in psittacids and corvids
Liévin‐Bazin, A. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/f1007e45zda99z4905zb511z6bea7094615e
Nong, L., & Fitzwilliam, A. D. (2026) · The Wilson Journal of Ornithology · doi:10.1080/15594491.2026.2671490
Metadata
- Authors
- Lack, D.
- Corresponding author
- Lack, David
- Venue
- The Auk
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1940-04
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 169-178
- ISSN
- 0004-8038 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-4254
- OpenAlex
- W2330209365
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 29.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Auk (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Keywords
- courtship feeding, birds, mate choice, sexual selection, feeding behavior, courtship behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review