Mystical Languages of Unsaying
Abstract
This text examines a mode of mystical discourse, apophasis, which literally means speaking away. Sometimes translated as apophatic discourse embraces the impossibility of naming something that is ineffable by continually turning back upon its own propositions and names. In this study of apophasis in Greek, Christian and Islamic texts, Michael Sells offers a sustained, critical account of how apophatic language works, the conventions, logic, and paradoxes it employs, and the dilemmas encountered in any attempt to analyze it. This book includes readings of the most rigorously apophatic texts of Plotinus, John the Scot Eriugena, Ibn Arabi, Marguerite Porete, and Meister Eckhart, with comparative reference to important apophatic writers in the Jewish tradition, such as Abraham Abulafia and Moses de Leon. Sells reveals essential common features in the writings of these authors, despite their wide-ranging differences in era, tradition and theology. By showing how apophasis works as a mode of discourse rather than as a negative theology, this work aims to open the subject up for re-evaluation. Sells demonstrates that the more radical claims of apophatic writers - claims that critics have often dismissed as hyperbolic or condemned as pantheistic or nihilistic - are vital to an adequate account of the mystical languages of unsaying. This work also has implications for the relationship of classical apophasis to contemporary languages of the unsayable. Sells challenges many widely circu…
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Such a meaning event is not about a particular thing that can be defined or abstracted (a 'what'); rather, it is a repeated process in which the gaze is continually drawn away from the 'what,' eschewing any and all attempts at definition and reification.
“Such a meaning event is not about a particular thing that can be defined or abstracted (a 'what'); rather, it is a repeated process in which the gaze is continually drawn away from the 'what,' eschewing any and all attempts at definition and reification (Sells 1994, 215).”
From The Notion of ‘Effortlessness’ in the Dzogchen Commentaries by Nubchen Sangye Yeshe (2025) · cites this paper as Sells 1994, 215
While it may not entail the dramatic apparition of visionary or miraculous phenomena, this shift is the intimation of what Michael Sells has termed a 'meaning event,' one in which searching and its inbuilt dichotomizing tendencies give way to a recognition that there is nothing to see or to search for.
“while it may not entail the dramatic apparition of visionary or miraculous phenomena, this shift is the intimation of what Michael Sells has termed a 'meaning event,' one in which searching and its inbuilt dichotomizing tendencies give way to a recognition that there is nothing to see or to search for (DPG 317.1 in Esler 2023, 102-3).”
From The Notion of ‘Effortlessness’ in the Dzogchen Commentaries by Nubchen Sangye Yeshe (2025) · cites this paper as Sells 1994
To conceptualize such a spiralling idea of the path, we must combine directional hierarchies with a more basic sense of absolute equality and identity, which keeps the hierarchies from becoming too rigid.
“In order to conceptualize such a spiralling idea of the path, we must combine directional [10] hierarchies-which are envisioned in terms of relative space and time and allow for spatial, moral and intellectual distinctions (i.e., the stages on the path)-with a more basic sense of absolute equality and identity, which keeps the hierarchies from becoming too rigid (Sells 1994, 213).”
From The Notion of ‘Effortlessness’ in the Dzogchen Commentaries by Nubchen Sangye Yeshe (2025) · cites this paper as Sells 1994, 213
The Dzogchen attitude is somewhat similar to that of Christian mystics Meister Eckhart and Marguerite Porete, who taught that virtuous deeds are pointless as an end in themselves but led active lives and would have regarded forceful cessation of activity as wilful action symptomatic of spiritual pride.
“Despite their radically different doctrinal backgrounds, the Dzogchen attitude is somewhat similar to that of the Christian mystics Meister Eckhart (ca.1260-ca.1328) and Marguerite Porete (d.1310), who both taught that virtuous deeds are pointless as an end in themselves but led active lives and would have regarded the forceful cessation of activity as a form of wilful action that is itself”
From The Notion of ‘Effortlessness’ in the Dzogchen Commentaries by Nubchen Sangye Yeshe (2025) · cites this paper as Sells 1994, 193
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The Notion of ‘Effortlessness’ in the Dzogchen Commentaries by Nubchen Sangye Yeshe
Esler, D. (2025) · Entangled Religions · doi:10.46586/er.14.2025.12379
- Authors
- Nettler, R. L., & Sells, M. A.
- ORCID
- Sells, Michael A.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Oriental Society
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1995-07
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 484
- ISSN
- 0003-0279 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2026703034
- Cited by
- 468
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 23.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Oriental Society (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Study and Philosophy of Religion
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Medieval Philosophy and Theology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Medieval and Classical Philosophy
- Keywords
- apophasis, ineffability, mystical language, Plotinus, Ibn Arabi, Marguerite Porete, Meister Eckhart, Abraham Abulafia, negative theology, medieval mysticism, deconstruction, pantheism, ancient Greek philosophy, Christian mysticism, Sufism, Jewish mysticism
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