Effect of bracket type on halitosis, periodontal status, and microbial colonization
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To determine the effect of bracket type on halitosis, periodontal status, and microbial colonization. Materials and Methods: Forty-six patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic treatment (age 11–16 years) were selected from the orthodontic department of Suleyman Demirel University. Patients were divided into two groups with random distribution of brackets; 23 patients were treated with self-ligating brackets (group SLBs), the others with conventional brackets (group CBs). Halitosis measurements and periodontal and microbial records were obtained before the placement of brackets (T0), 1 week later (T1), and 5 weeks after bonding (T2). Periodontal parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing index (BOP), were obtained from all the bonded teeth. Halitosis measurements were performed at the same time. Microbial samples were obtained from the buccal surfaces of all the bonded teeth. Data were analyzed by using a repeated-measurement analysis of variance test for the comparison of parameters between groups and times. Results: Periodontal parameters and halitosis results were higher in the CBs group than in the SLBs group ( P < .05). In the SLBs group, halitosis and BOP values revealed no pronounced changes between T1 and T2 ( P > .05). Intra- and intergroup comparisons showed that there were no statistically significant differences for microbial colonization between all the time intervals ( P > .05). Conclusion: Bracket type has an effect on halitosis and periodontal status. Therefore, self-ligating brackets may be advised in order to prevent patients from developing halitosis and to increase the likelihood of good oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment.
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SLB systems present a low-friction force which does not decrease because of ligation material changes.
“This can be attributed to the fact that SLB systems present a low-friction force which does not decrease because of ligation material changes, such as the use of elastomeric materials in the oral cavity [9,10,11,12].”
From Periodontal Health in Patients with Self-Ligating Brackets: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
The Amount of Microbial Colonization section (p. 6) mentions reduced friction as a claimed benefit of self-ligating brackets, but says elastomeric chains or related auxiliaries might diminish that benefit. This runs contrary to the claim that the low-friction benefit does not decrease with the use of elastomeric materials. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSelf-ligating bracket systems have better force distribution toward the periodontal ligament tissues compared to conventional preadjusted edgewise appliance systems.
“Self-ligating bracket (SLB) systems are being used more frequently, and they have been reported as having better force distribution toward the periodontal ligament tissues as compared to conventional preadjusted edgewise appliance (CB) systems [9,10,11,12].”
From Periodontal Health in Patients with Self-Ligating Brackets: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
The Introduction (p. 2) mentions unspecified biomechanical advantages of self-ligating brackets, but does not describe force distribution toward periodontal ligament tissues. The study reports halitosis, periodontal, and microbial outcomes (Abstract, p. 1); a search for force distribution and periodontal-ligament forces found no passage addressing the claimed comparison. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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References 37 · Cited by 64
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [7]7. Zachrisson S, Zachrisson B. Gingival condition associated with orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod . 1972;42:26-34.
- [24]24. Pellegrini P, Sauerwein R, Finlayson T, et al. Plaque retention by self-ligating vs. elastomeric orthodontic brackets: quantitative comparison of oral bacteria and detection with adenosine triphosphate-driven bioluminescence. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2009;135:426.e1-e9.
- [10]10. KWL, eds. Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques. 5th ed. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2012:843.
- Authors
- Nalçacı, R., Özat, Y., Çokakoğlu, S., Türkkahraman, H., Önal, S., & Kaya, S.
- Affiliations
- Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi (TR)
- Professor, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Katip Celebi University, Isparta, Turkey
- Venue
- The Angle Orthodontist
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 479-485
- ISSN
- 0003-3219 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7103
- PMC
- PMC8667509
- OpenAlex
- W2024274987
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 6.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Angle Orthodontist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Orthodontics › Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Orthodontics › Dental materials and restorations
- Keywords
- self-ligating brackets, conventional brackets, orthodontic brackets, halitosis, periodontal health, plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, orthodontic patients, oral hygiene
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Dental Plaque Index, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gingival Hemorrhage, Gingivitis, Halitosis, Humans, Lactobacillus, Male, Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Index, Prospective Studies, Streptococcus mutans, Surface Properties, Tooth, Orthodontic Appliance Design, Orthodontic Brackets, Bacterial Load
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