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Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019 Abridged for Primary Care Providers
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“Isolated from French lilac in 1920s, metformin (dimethylbiguanide) has been widely used as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), owing to its excellent tolerability, safety profile, and lack of hypoglycemic effect (3–6).”
From GDF-15 as a Weight Watcher for Diabetic and Non-Diabetic People Treated With Metformin (2020) · cites this paper as [3]
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Cites
McCormack, J. P., Martin, S. A., & Newman, D. H. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-0074 · Cited by 6
[Decision Cycle for Patient-Centered Glycemic Management in Type 2 Diabetes].
Hsu, H.-C., Lee, Y.-J., & Wang, R.-H. (2019) · Hu li za zhi The journal of nursing · doi:10.6224/jn.201912_66(6).02 · Cited by 2
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Raj, J. A., Patra, R. C., Kavitha, S. A., Subramanyam, V., Himabindu, K., Kusuma, K., & Krishna, M. L. R. (2025) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.162466.1
Notes on Lessons from Health Sciences for Responsible Management Research
Zhang, S. X., & Chen, J. (2025) · Management and Organization Review · doi:10.1017/mor.2025.18
“Diabetes management interventions, for example, show substantial heterogeneity in effectiveness depending on patients’ age, comorbidity profiles, socioeconomic status, and social support systems (American Diabetes Association, 2019).”
Raj, J. A., Patra, R. C., Kavitha, S. A., Subramanyam, V., Himabindu, K., Kusuma, K., & Krishna, M. L. R. (2025) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.162466.2
Borba, G. L. D. L., dos Santos, A. V. F., Medeiros, S. R. D., da Costa, A. C. R. S., da Silva, I. B. S., da Silva, A. J., Rodrigues, M., do Nascimento, J. S. G., Tenório, B. M., & Tenório, F. D. C. Â. M. (2025) · Acta Scientific Sciences · doi:10.64671/acta.v1i1.9
Notes on Lessons from Health Sciences for Responsible Management ResearchPreprint
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Severe Insulin Resistance: Diagnosis and Management
Wu, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, W., Feng, D., & Luo, X. (2025) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/0115733998390048250902113845
Mehri, A., Karami, M., Barooni, M., farhadpour, M., Varnousfaderani, M. R., Nazari, S. S. H., & Etemad, K. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7488035/v1
Changes in Behavior and Psychology in Diabetes: Interlinking Erectile Dysfunction
Din, S. F. G., Salam, M. A. A. E., Ghaly, M. F., Ragab, M. W., Elnabarawy, R., & Ramzy, D. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73363-5_35
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Patel, B., Turner, H. W., Hicks-Glazner, L., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1097/jxx.0000000000001215
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Бадюк, О. О., & Марущак, М. І. (2025) · Medical and Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.11603/mcch.2410-681x.2025.i3.15691
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“Prediabetes was defined as HbA1c between the values of 5.8% and 6.4% or OGTT_120 between 141 mg/dl and 199 mg/dl. Diabetes was defined as HbA1c of 6.5% or higher, or an OGTT_120 of 200 mg/dl or higher [11].”
InfluentialBiagi, L., Cabrera, A., Bertachi, A. H., Estremera, E., Fernández, J. A. M., & Vehı́, J. (2025) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc58623.2025.11253387
“Basal-bolus insulin regimens, designed to mimic physiological insulin secretion, should be initiated at the time of T1D diagnosis [1], [2].”
Silva-Tinoco, R., Cuatecontzi-Xochitiotzi, T., de la Torre-Saldaña, V., León-García, E., Serna-Alvarado, J., GUZMAN-OLVERA, E. B., Cabrera, D., Gay, J. G., & Prada, D. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12364535
Smith, N. I., Martinez, A. I., Huffmyer, M. J., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26574058
Aoyagi, Y., Yoshida, T., Uchino, S., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12947713
González‐Domínguez, Á., Belmonte, T., Domínguez‐Riscart, J., Ruiz‐Ocaña, P., Muela‐Zarzuela, I., Saez-Benito, A., Martínez, R. M., Mateos, R. M., & Lechuga-Sancho, A. M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26611610
Abdel‐Rahman, N., Manor, O., Elran, E., Siscovick, D. S., & Calderon‐Margalit, R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26675162
Ajlan, A., Aleid, H., Ali, T. Z., Joharji, H., AlMeshari, K. A., Nazmi, A., Shah, Y., Devol, E., Alkortas, D., Alabdulkarim, Z., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14843089
Silva-Tinoco, R., Cuatecontzi-Xochitiotzi, T., de la Torre-Saldaña, V., León-García, E., Serna-Alvarado, J., GUZMAN-OLVERA, E. B., Cabrera, D., Gay, J. G., & Prada, D. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12364541
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Ajlan, A., Aleid, H., Ali, T. Z., Joharji, H., AlMeshari, K. A., Nazmi, A., Shah, Y., Devol, E., Alkortas, D., Alabdulkarim, Z., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14843092
Kepatuhan Dan Manajemen Diri Sebagai Determinan Outcome Terapi Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2
Probosiwi, N., Vellanie, P. S., Siswidiasari, A., et al. (2025) · Jurnal Inovasi Farmasi Indonesia (JAFI) · doi:10.30737/jafi.v7i1.6668
Бадюк, О. О., & Марущак, М. І. (2026) · Здобутки клінічної і експериментальної медицини · doi:10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i4.13906
Stenlund, A.-L., Ängerud, K. H., Lilja, M., Otten, J., & Jutterström, L. (2026) · JMIR Diabetes · doi:10.2196/85748
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Mohammad, A. A., Alshraideh, J. A., Yacoub, M. I., & Sabra, M. A. A. (2026) · Frontiers of Nursing · doi:10.2478/fon-2026-0015
“20 According to the current study, individuals with one or more T2DM comorbidities, such as neuropathy, CVD, and renal impairment, had considerably worse glycemic control.”
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“According to [1] approximately 463 million of people worldwide have been affected with diabetes and [2] has recorded that, about 1.5 million of death are caused by diabetes each year whilst the pediatrics age has been increase from 2 to 5 percent.”
InfluentialPatra, R. C., Raj, J. A., & Yashudas, A. (2026) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_1068_25
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The Impact of Vitamin D in Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes – A Systematic Review
Arvinth, A., Balan, M. S., & Gomathi, G. (2025) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Health and Innovative Technology · doi:10.4103/jmhit.jmhit_34_25
Point-of-Care A1C and Time from Test to Communication of Results in Primary Care
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Naturalistic driving data can identify elevated driving risk in adults with Type 1 diabetes
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Anastasiou, G., Παπάνας, Ν., Barkas, F., Tentolouris, N., Liamis, G., Michalis, L. K., Bechlioulis, A., Kalaitzidis, R., Mantzoros, C. S., & Liberopoulos, E. N. (2026) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113494
Jóźwik-Szymańska, A., Kostecka, N., Mikula, L., Bogdan-Groszyk, Z., Szredzka, A., Kucharski, J., Makulec, A., Otrębska, K., & Lewandowska, D. (2026) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.3(51).2026.6514
Metadata
- Authors
- American Diabetes Association
- Corresponding author
- American Diabetes Association
- Venue
- Clinical Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2019-01-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 11-34
- ISSN
- 0891-8929 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-4953
- PMC
- PMC6336119
- OpenAlex
- W4239349741
- Cited by
- 539
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 84 · 2020: 117 · 2019: 47
- FWCI
- 49.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, health care standards, primary care, glycemic control, diabetes management
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