Role of Neuronal Glucosensing in the Regulation of Energy Homeostasis
Open accessAbstract
Glucosensing is a property of specialized neurons in the brain that regulate their membrane potential and firing rate as a function of ambient glucose levels. These neurons have several similarities to β- and α-cells in the pancreas, which are also responsive to ambient glucose levels. Many use glucokinase as a rate-limiting step in the production of ATP and its effects on membrane potential and ion channel function to sense glucose. Glucosensing neurons are organized in an interconnected distributed network throughout the brain that also receives afferent neural input from glucosensors in the liver, carotid body, and small intestines. In addition to glucose, glucosensing neurons can use other metabolic substrates, hormones, and peptides to regulate their firing rate. Consequently, the output of these “metabolic sensing” neurons represents their integrated response to all of these simultaneous inputs. The efferents of these neurons regulate feeding, neuroendocrine and autonomic function, and thereby energy expenditure and storage. Thus, glucosensing neurons play a critical role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Defects in the ability to sense glucose and regulatory hormones like leptin and insulin may underlie the predisposition of some individuals to develop diet-induced obesity.
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The framework corresponding to feedback control of brain glucose homeostasis is supported by anatomical evidence.
“Such a framework corresponding to feedback control of brain glucose homeostasis is supported by anatomical evidences.”
From A mathematical model of brain glucose homeostasis (2009) · cites this paper as [15]
The paper describes an anatomical network linking peripheral glucosensors to brain glucosensing neurons (section labeled “T”; page unavailable), and describes brain-mediated responses that restore blood glucose during hypoglycemia (“GLUCOSENSING NEURONS AND THE REGULATION OF ENERGY HOMEOSTASIS”; page unavailable). This supports a feedback-control framework, but the paper frames it as regulation of blood glucose and energy homeostasis, not specifically as feedback control of brain glucose homeostasis. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredVarious glucosensing neurons are located in an interconnected network distributed throughout the brain, which also receives afferent neural input from glucosensors in the liver, carotid body, and small intestines.
“Various glucosensing neurons are located in an interconnected network distributed throughout the brain, which also receives afferent neural input from glucosensors in the liver, carotid body, and small intestines [15].”
From A mathematical model of brain glucose homeostasis (2009) · cites this paper as [15]
Various glucosensing neurons are distributed throughout the brain, which also receives afferent neural inputs from glucosensors in the liver, carotid body, and small intestines.
“Various glucosensing neurons are distributed throughout the brain, which also receives afferent neural inputs from glucosensors in the liver, carotid body, and small intestines [15].”
From A mathematical model of brain glucose homeostasis (2009) · cites this paper as [15]
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References 108 · Cited by 54
- Authors
- Levin, B. E., Kang, L., Sanders, N. M., & Dunn-Meynell, A. A.
- Affiliations
- VA New Jersey Health Care System (US)
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2006-12-01
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- Supplement_2
- Pages
- S122-S130
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2104077141
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Keywords
- energy homeostasis, glucokinase, glucose metabolism, neuronal firing rate, membrane potential, metabolic sensing, leptin, insulin, diet-induced obesity, food intake regulation, neuroendocrine function, autonomic function, energy expenditure, energy storage
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