CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 353Pancreatic function and diabetesDiabetes Treatment and ManagementDiabetes Management and Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide

Open access
Christensen, Mikkel, Vedtofte, Louise, Holst, Jens J., Vilsbøll, Tina, Knop, Filip K.·2011·Diabetes
DOI 10.2337/db11-0979PMC PMC3219957
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the glucose dependency of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) effects on insulin and glucagon release in 10 healthy male subjects ([means ± SEM] aged 23 ± 1 years, BMI 23 ± 1 kg/m2, and HbA1c 5.5 ± 0.1%). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Saline or physiological doses of GIP were administered intravenously (randomized and double blinded) during 90 min of insulin-induced hypoglycemia, euglycemia, or hyperglycemia. RESULTS: During hypoglycemia, GIP infusion caused greater glucagon responses during the first 30 min compared with saline (76 ± 17 vs. 28 ± 16 pmol/L per 30 min, P < 0.008), with similar peak levels of glucagon reached after 60 min. During euglycemia, GIP infusion elicited larger glucagon responses (62 ± 18 vs. −11 ± 8 pmol/L per 90 min, P < 0.005). During hyperglycemia, comparable suppression of plasma glucagon (−461 ± 81 vs. −371 ± 50 pmol/L per 90 min, P = 0.26) was observed with GIP and saline infusions. In addition, during hyperglycemia, GIP more than doubled the insulin secretion rate (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In healthy subjects, GIP has no effect on glucagon responses during hyperglycemia while strongly potentiating insulin secretion. In contrast, GIP increases glucagon levels during fasting and hypoglycemic conditions, where it has little or no effect on insulin secretion. Thus, GIP seems to be a physiological bifunctional blood glucose stabilizer with diverging glucose-dependent effects on the two main pancreatic glucoregulatory hormones.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2337/db11-0979

Cites

37 of 37 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

FIG. 1. Glucose and GIP plasma concentrations of glucose (upper panel) and GIP (lower panel) during euglycemia (dark blue curves, circles), hypoglycemia (blue curves, diamonds), and hyperglycemia (turquoise curves, squares) on days with GIP infusions (filled symbols) and days with saline infusion (open symbols). Concomitant glucose infusions (grams per body weight per 15-min time intervals) are depicted as bar graphs in the upper panel. Data are means ± SEM.
FIG. 1. Glucose and GIP plasma concentrations of glucose (upper panel) and GIP (lower panel) during euglycemia (dark blue curves, circles), hypoglycemia (blue curves, diamonds), and hyperglycemia (turquoise curves, squares) on days with GIP infusions (filled symbols) and days with saline infusion (open symbols). Concomitant glucose infusions (grams per body weight per 15-min time intervals) are depicted as bar graphs in the upper panel. Data are means ± SEM.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
FIG. 2. Insulin, C-peptide, and ISR plasma concentrations of insulin (upper panel), C-peptide (middle panel), and ISR derived by deconvolution analysis (lower panel) over 90 min of GIP infusions (filled symbols) and saline infusions (open symbols) during euglycemia (dark blue curves, circles), insulin-induced hypoglycemia (blue curves, diamonds), and hyperglycemia (turquoise curves, squares). Data are means ± SEM. Statistical analysis was done by repeated-measures ANOVA. *Significant differences (P < 0.05).
FIG. 2. Insulin, C-peptide, and ISR plasma concentrations of insulin (upper panel), C-peptide (middle panel), and ISR derived by deconvolution analysis (lower panel) over 90 min of GIP infusions (filled symbols) and saline infusions (open symbols) during euglycemia (dark blue curves, circles), insulin-induced hypoglycemia (blue curves, diamonds), and hyperglycemia (turquoise curves, squares). Data are means ± SEM. Statistical analysis was done by repeated-measures ANOVA. *Significant differences (P < 0.05).CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
FIG. 3. Glucagon plasma concentrations of glucagon during 90 min (upper panel) or the initial 30 min (lower panel) of GIP infusions (filled symbols) or saline infusions (open symbols) during euglycemia (dark blue curves, circles), insulin-induced hypoglycemia (blue curves, diamonds), and hyperglycemia (turquoise curves, squares). Insets in lower panel are the iAUCs of glucagon concentrations during the initial 30 min. Data are means ± SEM. Statistical analysis was done by repeated-measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni posttests or by paired t tests. *Significant differences (P < 0.05).
FIG. 3. Glucagon plasma concentrations of glucagon during 90 min (upper panel) or the initial 30 min (lower panel) of GIP infusions (filled symbols) or saline infusions (open symbols) during euglycemia (dark blue curves, circles), insulin-induced hypoglycemia (blue curves, diamonds), and hyperglycemia (turquoise curves, squares). Insets in lower panel are the iAUCs of glucagon concentrations during the initial 30 min. Data are means ± SEM. Statistical analysis was done by repeated-measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni posttests or by paired t tests. *Significant differences (P < 0.05).CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
FIG. 4. Glucagon and C-peptide. The in vivo relation of plasma glucagon (dark blue curves, squares) and serum C-peptide (light blue curves, circles) to selected PG values between 3 and 12 mmol/L in the presence of stimulated GIP concentrations (broken lines, filled symbols) or basal levels (full lines, open symbols). Data are means ± SEM. *Significant differences (P < 0.05) according to paired t tests.
FIG. 4. Glucagon and C-peptide. The in vivo relation of plasma glucagon (dark blue curves, squares) and serum C-peptide (light blue curves, circles) to selected PG values between 3 and 12 mmol/L in the presence of stimulated GIP concentrations (broken lines, filled symbols) or basal levels (full lines, open symbols). Data are means ± SEM. *Significant differences (P < 0.05) according to paired t tests.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 37 references

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 353

Related

Metadata

Authors
Christensen, M., Vedtofte, L., Holst, J. J., Vilsbøll, T., & Knop, F. K.
Affiliations
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
  • Gentofte Hospital (DK)
Corresponding author
Christensen, Mikkel
ORCID
Venue
Diabetes
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
2011-11-13
Volume
60
Issue
12
Pages
3103-3109
ISSN
  • 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-327X
DOI
10.2337/db11-0979
PMC
PMC3219957
OpenAlex
W2414002317
Cited by
353
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 8
FWCI
15.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Novo Nordisk Fonden
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords
glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon secretion, insulin secretion, glucose dependence, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, normoglycemia, pancreatic hormone regulation, glucose homeostasis
MeSH terms
Insulin Secretion, Adult, Blood Glucose, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide, Glucagon, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia, Injections, Intraventricular, Insulin, Male, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review