Effects of Aerobic Versus Resistance Exercise Without Caloric Restriction on Abdominal Fat, Intrahepatic Lipid, and Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adolescent Boys
Open accessAbstract
The optimal exercise modality for reductions of abdominal obesity and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in youth is unknown. We examined the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) versus resistance exercise (RE) without caloric restriction on abdominal adiposity, ectopic fat, and insulin sensitivity and secretion in youth. Forty-five obese adolescent boys were randomly assigned to one of three 3-month interventions: AE, RE, or a nonexercising control. Abdominal fat was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, and intrahepatic lipid and intramyocellular lipid were assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Insulin sensitivity and secretion were evaluated by a 3-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and a 2-h hyperglycemic clamp. Both AE and RE prevented the significant weight gain that was observed in controls. Compared with controls, significant reductions in total and visceral fat and intrahepatic lipid were observed in both exercise groups. Compared with controls, a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity (27%) was observed in the RE group. Collapsed across groups, changes in visceral fat were associated with changes in intrahepatic lipid (r = 0.72) and insulin sensitivity (r = -0.47). Both AE and RE alone are effective for reducing abdominal fat and intrahepatic lipid in obese adolescent boys. RE but not AE is also associated with significant improvements in insulin sensitivity.
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Based on seven protocols from seven studies, a reduction in hepatic steatosis was observed in 85.7% of resistance exercise protocols, including five randomized controlled trials.
“Based on seven protocols from seven studies, a reduction in hepatic steatosis was observed in 85.7% of the protocols, including five randomized controlled trials (76–82).”
From Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility (2024) · cites this paper as [77]
MR spectroscopy showed a decrease in intrahepatic lipid levels in three studies (13%; 3%; and 25% reduction from baseline).
“MR spectroscopy showed a decrease in intrahepatic lipid levels in three studies (13%; 3%; and 25% reduction from baseline (76–78)).”
From Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility (2024) · cites this paper as [77]
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References 51 · Cited by 398
- Authors
- Lee, S., Bacha, F., Hannon, T., Kuk, J. L., Boesch, C., & Arslanian, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- York University (CA)
- University of Bern (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, SoJung
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2012-10-16
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2787-2795
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- PMC
- PMC3478522
- OpenAlex
- W2141697206
- Cited by
- 398
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 19.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense (FA7014-02-2-001, 7-08-JF-27)
- American Diabetes Association (7-08-JF-27)
- University of Pittsburgh
- Case Western Reserve University
- Yonsei University
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005, UL1-TR- 000005, UL1-TR-)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024153)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K24HD001357, K24 HD 01357)
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- aerobic exercise, resistance training, caloric restriction, adolescent obesity, abdominal fat, visceral fat, intrahepatic lipid, intramyocellular lipid, ectopic fat, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, type 2 diabetes prevention, exercise modalities
- MeSH terms
- Insulin Secretion, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Child Behavior, Fatty Liver, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Liver, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Patient Dropouts, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Muscle, Skeletal, Abdominal Fat, Lipid Metabolism, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Resistance Training, Young Adult, Obesity, Abdominal, Intention to Treat Analysis, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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