The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Efficacy and Safety Comparison of Liraglutide, Glimepiride, and Placebo, All in Combination With Metformin, in Type 2 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The efficacy and safety of adding liraglutide (a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist) to metformin were compared with addition of placebo or glimepiride to metformin in subjects previously treated with oral antidiabetes (OAD) therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this 26-week, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group trial, 1,091 subjects were randomly assigned (2:2:2:1:2) to once-daily liraglutide (either 0.6, 1.2, or 1.8 mg/day injected subcutaneously), to placebo, or to glimepiride (4 mg once daily). All treatments were in combination therapy with metformin (1g twice daily). Enrolled subjects (aged 25-79 years) had type 2 diabetes, A1C of 7-11% (previous OAD monotherapy for > or =3 months) or 7-10% (previous OAD combination therapy for > or =3 months), and BMI < or =40 kg/m(2). RESULTS: A1C values were significantly reduced in all liraglutide groups versus the placebo group (P < 0.0001) with mean decreases of 1.0% for 1.8 mg liraglutide, 1.2 mg liraglutide, and glimepiride and 0.7% for 0.6 mg liraglutide and an increase of 0.1% for placebo. Body weight decreased in all liraglutide groups (1.8-2.8 kg) compared with an increase in the glimepiride group (1.0 kg; P < 0.0001). The incidence of minor hypoglycemia with liraglutide ( approximately 3%) was comparable to that with placebo but less than that with glimepiride (17%; P < 0.001). Nausea was reported by 11-19% of the liraglutide-treated subjects versus 3-4% in the placebo and glimepiride groups. The incidence of nausea declined over time. CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with type 2 diabetes, once-daily liraglutide induced similar glycemic control, reduced body weight, and lowered the occurrence of hypoglycemia compared with glimepiride, when both had background therapy of metformin.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In these studies, mean weight change ranged from −1.0 kg to −3.78 kg over 6–12 months.”
From Real-world weight change, adherence, and discontinuation among patients with type 2 diabetes initiating glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the UK (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Matthews, D. R., Hosker, J. P., Rudenski, A. S., Naylor, B. A., Treacher, D. F., & Turner, R. C. (1985) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00280883 · Cited by 31,502
Self-citationToprak, Ö., Kurt, H., Sarı, Y., Şarkış, C., Us, H., & Kırık, A. (2017) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000468530 · Cited by 29,772
Drucker, D. J., & Nauck, M. A. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69705-5 · Cited by 3,896
Self-citationThe Physiology of Glucagon-like Peptide 1
Holst, J. J. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00034.2006 · Cited by 3,371
U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study Group (1995) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.44.11.1249 · Cited by 1,923
DeFronzo, R. A., Ratner, R. E., Han, J., Kim, D. D., Fineman, M. S., & Baron, A. D. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.5.1092 · Cited by 1,559
Buse, J. B., Henry, R. R., Han, J., Kim, D. D., Fineman, M. S., Baron, A. D., & for the Exenatide-113 Clinical Study Group (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.11.2628 · Cited by 1,346
Kendall, D. M., Riddle, M. C., Rosenstock, J., Zhuang, D., Kim, D. D., Fineman, M. S., & Baron, A. D. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.5.1083 · Cited by 1,177
Garber, A., Henry, R., Ratner, R., Garcia-Hernandez, P. A., Rodriguez-Pattzi, H., Olvera-Alvarez, I., Hale, P. M., Zdravkovic, M., & Bode, B. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61246-5 · Cited by 1,057
Self-citationCharbonnel, B., Karasik, A., Liu, J., Wu, M., Meininger, G., & for the Sitagliptin Study 020 Group (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-0706 · Cited by 790
Self-citationKnudsen, L. B., Nielsen, P. F., Huusfeldt, P. O., Johansen, N. L., Madsen, K., Pedersen, F. Z., Thøgersen, H., Wilken, M., & Agersø, H. (2000) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm9909645 · Cited by 711
Agersø, H., Jensen, L. B., Elbrønd, B., Rolan, P., & Zdravkovic, M. (2002) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-001-0719-z · Cited by 510
Self-citationVilsbøll, T., Zdravkovic, M., Le-Thi, T., Krarup, T., Schmitz, O., Courrèges, J. P., Verhoeven, R., Bugáňová, I., & Madsbad, S. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-2593 · Cited by 467
Self-citationDegn, K. B., Juhl, C. B., Sturis, J., Jakobsen, G., Brock, B., Chandramouli, V., Rungby, J., Landau, B. R., & Schmitz, O. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.5.1187 · Cited by 427
Krska, R., Schubert-Ullrich, P., Molinelli, A., Sulyok, M., MacDonald, S. J., & Crews, C. (2008) · Food Additives & Contaminants Part A · doi:10.1080/02652030701765723 · Cited by 350
Meier, J. J., Nauck, M. A., Kranz, D., Holst, J. J., Deacon, C. F., Gaeckler, D., Schmidt, W. E., & Gallwitz, B. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.3.654 · Cited by 334
Self-citationMadsbad, S., Schmitz, O., Ranstam, J., Jakobsen, G., Matthews, D. R., & on behalf of the NN2211-1310 International Study Group (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.6.1335 · Cited by 309
Self-citationDeacon, C. F., Knudsen, L. B., Madsen, K., Wiberg, F. C., Jacobsen, O., & Holst, J. J. (1998) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250050903 · Cited by 304
Rolin, B., Larsen, M. O., Gotfredsen, C. F., Deacon, C. F., Carr, R. D., Wilken, M., & Knudsen, L. B. (2002) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00030.2002 · Cited by 282
Elbrønd, B., Jakobsen, G., Larsen, S., Agersø, H., Jensen, L. B., Rolan, P., Sturis, J., Hatorp, V., & Zdravkovic, M. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.8.1398 · Cited by 279
Self-citationVilsbøll, T., Brock, B., Perrild, H., Levin, K., Lervang, H. ‐., Kølendorf, K., Krarup, T., Schmitz, O., Zdravkovic, M., Le‐Thi, T., et al. (2008) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02333.x · Cited by 213
Self-citationThe long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, liraglutide, inhibits β-cell apoptosis in vitro
Bregenholt, S., Møldrup, A., Blume, N., Karlsen, A. E., Friedrichsen, B. N., Tornhave, D., Knudsen, L. B., & Petersen, J. S. (2005) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.013 · Cited by 168
Nauck, M. A., Hompesch, M., Filipczak, R., Le, T., Zdravkovic, M. D., & Gumprecht, J. J. (2006) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-2006-924230 · Cited by 144
Self-citationMari, A., Degn, K., Brock, B., Rungby, J., Ferrannini, E., & Schmitz, O. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-0310 · Cited by 84
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chait, A., & den Hartigh, L. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022 · Cited by 1,529
Buse, J. B., Rosenstock, J., Sesti, G., Schmidt, W. E., Montanya, E., Brett, J. H., Zychma, M., & Blonde, L. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60659-0 · Cited by 1,503
GLP-1 receptor agonists for individualized treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Meier, J. J. (2012) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2012.140 · Cited by 1,311
Astrup, A., Rössner, S., Van Gaal, L., Rissanen, A., Niskanen, L., Al Hakim, M., Madsen, J., Rasmussen, M. F., & Lean, M. E. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61375-1 · Cited by 1,163
Vilsboll, T., Christensen, M., Junker, A. E., Knop, F. K., & Gluud, L. L. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d7771 · Cited by 970
Metadata
- Authors
- Nauck, M., Frid, A., Hermansen, K., Shah, N. S., Tankova, T., Mitha, I. H., Zdravkovic, M., Düring, M., Matthews, D. R., & for the LEAD-2 Study Group
- Affiliations
- Diabeteszentrum Bad Lauterberg (DE)
- Öresund Diabetes Team AB, Lund, Sweden
- Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
- King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth G.S. Medical College (IN)
- Clinic of Diabetology, Sophia, Bulgaria
- Benmed Hospital, Benoni, Republic of South Africa
- Novo Nordisk (Denmark) (DK)
- Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (GB)
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2009-01-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 84-90
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC2606836
- OpenAlex
- W2071835038
- Cited by
- 1,129
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 95 · 2013: 81 · 2012: 113
- FWCI
- 82.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0508-10272)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Keywords
- liraglutide, glimepiride, metformin, type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 receptor agonists, combination therapy, glycemic control, HbA1c, weight loss, hypoglycemia, nausea, oral antidiabetic drugs, drug safety, obesity, dose comparison
- MeSH terms
- Liraglutide, Adult, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Metformin, Middle Aged, Obesity, Placebos, Safety, Sulfonylurea Compounds, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
