Cited by 1,817Diabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes and associated disorders

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Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus

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American Diabetes Association·2009·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/dc09-s062PMC PMC2613584

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Abstract

MELLITUS -Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.Several pathogenic processes are involved in the development of diabetes.These range from autoimmune destruction of the ␤-cells of the pancreas with consequent insulin deficiency to abnormalities that result in resistance to insulin action.The basis of the abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism in diabetes is deficient action of insulin on target tissues.Deficient insulin action results from inadequate insulin secretion and/or diminished tissue responses to insulin at one or more points in the complex pathways of hormone action.Impairment of insulin secretion and defects in insulin action frequently coexist in the same patient, and it is often unclear which abnormality, if either alone, is the primary cause of the hyperglycemia.Symptoms of marked hyperglycemia include polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, sometimes with polyphagia, and blurred vision.Impairment of growth and susceptibility to certain infections may also accompany chronic hyperglycemia.Acute, life-threatening consequences of uncontrolled diabetes are hyperglycemia with ketoacidosis or the nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome.Long-term complications of diabetes include retinopathy with potential loss of vision; nephropathy leading to renal failure; peripheral neuropathy with risk of foot ulcers, amputations, and Charcot joints; and autonomic neuropathy causing gastrointes-The information that follows is based largely on the reports of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes (

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Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
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Untitled work
(1964) · PubMed · Cited by 1,230
The Prednisolone Glucose Tolerance Test in Pregnancy
Kyle, G. C., Yalçin, S., Drewyer, R., & Carruthers, B. M. (1964) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.13.6.572 · Cited by 19

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Authors: American Diabetes Association
Corresponding author: American Diabetes Association
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2009-01-01
Volume: 32
Issue: Supplement_1
Pages: S62-S67
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/dc09-s062
PMC: PMC2613584
OpenAlex: W4213092833
Cited by: 1,817
References: 5
Citations by year: 2026: 58 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 131 · 2023: 173 · 2022: 199 · 2021: 170 · 2020: 126 · 2019: 104 · 2018: 119 · 2017: 97 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 69 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 65
FWCI: 47.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, diagnosis, classification, hyperglycemia, insulin secretion, insulin resistance, islet autoimmunity, diabetes complications, diabetic ketoacidosis, retinopathy, kidney disease, peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy
MeSH terms: Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans

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