Differences in Maternal Circulating Fatty Acid Composition and Dietary Fat Intake in Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus or Mild Gestational Hyperglycemia
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OBJECTIVE: We investigated the relationship between maternal circulating fatty acids (FAs) and dietary FA intake in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM; n = 49), women with hyperglycemia less severe than GDM (impaired glucose challenge test [GCT] non-GDM; n = 80), and normal control subjects (n = 98). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A case-control design was nested within a prospective cohort of healthy pregnant women. Fasting concentrations of serum total FAs (enzymatic assay) and FA composition (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) were determined at entry and the third trimester. Dietary fat intake data were obtained from 24-h recalls. RESULTS: There was a graded increase among groups (control subjects, impaired GCT non-GDM, and GDM) during the third trimester for total FAs and individual FAs, including myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids (P for trend <0.03 to P < 0.001). Similar relationships were observed at entry in total FAs and for four FAs (myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, and eicosapentaenoic acids). Women with impaired GCT non-GDM with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 had the highest levels of FAs at entry, whereas women with GDM with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 had the highest levels during the third trimester, and all grouped FAs were significantly different from lean women with impaired GCT non-GDM or control subjects (P < 0.05). Dietary intake of polyunsaturated FAs was decreased, but saturated FAs were increased in GDM compared with impaired GCT non-GDM or control subjects (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormalities in fat metabolism are present in both GDM and impaired GCT non-GDM women. Reducing pregravid weight and altering diet might prevent the associated elevation of circulating FAs.
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Women with GDM and BMI > 25 kg/m2 show reduced levels of LCPUFAs and elevated short-chain fatty acids (SFAs) in the third trimester compared to women with impaired glucose tolerance and controls.
“Women with GDM and BMI > 25 kg/m2 also show reduced levels of LCPUFAs and elevated short-chain fatty acids (SFAs) in the third trimester compared to women with impaired glucose tolerance and controls [104].”
From Medical Nutrition Therapy for Women with Gestational Diabetes: Current Practice and Future Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [104]
In Results, Table 3 (page not supplied), women with GDM and BMI ≥25 kg/m² had higher third-trimester serum saturated fatty acids than lean controls, but the paper calls these saturated fatty acids, not short-chain fatty acids. The same table shows higher, not reduced, serum PUFAs in that group; the lower PUFA finding concerns dietary intake (Results, Table 4), not circulating levels in the BMI subgroup. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWomen who developed GDM consumed less omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs than women unaffected by GDM.
“Studies that assessed dietary fat intake of pregnant women reported that women who developed GDM consumed less omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs than women unaffected by GDM [104,114].”
From Medical Nutrition Therapy for Women with Gestational Diabetes: Current Practice and Future Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [104]
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- Authors
- Chen, X., Scholl, T. O., Leskiw, M., Savaille, J., & Stein, T. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Xinhua
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2010-09-01
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2049-2054
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC2928361
- OpenAlex
- W2114696782
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R21DK078865)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-18269, R01HD038329, R01HD018269, HD38329)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia in pregnancy, dietary fat intake, serum fatty acid composition, polyunsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, maternal obesity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Dietary Fats, Fatty Acids, Female, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Pregnancy, Case-Control Studies, Diabetes, Gestational, Young Adult
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