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Specificity of Leptin Action on Elevated Blood Glucose Levels and Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y Gene Expression in ob/ob Mice
Abstract
Correction of the obese state induced by genetic leptin deficiency reduces elevated levels of both blood glucose and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA in ob/ob mice. To determine whether these responses are due to a specific action of leptin or to the reversal of the obese state, we investigated the specificity of the effect of systemic leptin administration to ob/ob mice (n = 8) on levels of plasma glucose and insulin and on hypothalamic expression of NPY mRNA. Saline-treated controls were either fed ad libitum (n = 8) or pair-fed to the intake of the leptin-treated group (n = 8) to control for changes of food intake induced by leptin. The specificity of the effect of leptin was further assessed by 1) measuring NPY gene expression in db/db mice (n = 6) that are resistant to leptin, 2) measuring NPY gene expression in brain areas outside the hypothalamus, and 3) measuring the effect of leptin administration on hypothalamic expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA. Five daily intraperitoneal injections of recombinant mouse leptin (150 micrograms) in ob/ob mice lowered food intake by 56% (P < 0.05), body weight by 4.1% (P < 0.05), and levels of NPY mRNA in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus by 42.3% (P < 0.05) as compared with saline-treated controls. Pair-feeding of ob/ob mice to the intake of leptin-treated animals produced equivalent weight loss, but did not alter expression of NPY mRNA in the arcuate nucleus. Leptin administration was also without effect on food intake, body weight, or NPY mRNA levels in the arcuate nucleus of db/db mice. In ob/ob mice, leptin did not alter NPY mRNA levels in cerebral cortex or hippocampus or the expression of CRH mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Leptin administration to ob/ob mice also markedly reduced serum glucose (8.3 +/- 1.2 vs. 24.5 +/- 3.8 mmol/l; P < 0.01) and insulin levels (7,263 +/- 1,309 vs. 3,150 +/- 780 pmol/l), but was ineffective in db/db mice. Pair-fed mice experienced reductions of glucose and insulin levels that were < 60% of the reduction induced by leptin. The results suggest that in ob/ob mice, systemic administration of leptin inhibits NPY gene overexpression through a specific action in the arcuate nucleus and exerts a hypoglycemic action that is partly independent of its weight-reducing effects. Furthermore, both effects occur before reversal of the obesity syndrome. Defective leptin signaling due to either leptin deficiency (in ob/ob mice) or leptin resistance (in db/db mice) therefore leads directly to hyperglycemia and the overexpression of hypothalamic NPY that is implicated in the pathogenesis of the obesity syndrome.
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“Glucocorticoids increase plasma leptin and ghrelin levels, while ghrelin which also increases with stress, appears to contribute to regulating anxiety and mood”
From Role of addiction and stress neurobiology on food intake and obesity (2018) · cites this paper as Schwartz et al., 1996
In the citing paper
“leptin administration to leptin-deficient mice or humans ameliorates hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia (60, 141) even when differences of food intake are controlled by pair-feeding (80, 158).”
From Leptin and the Central Nervous System Control of Glucose Metabolism (2011) · cites this paper as [158]
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BackgroundPro12Ala PPAR γ2 gene polymorphism in PCOS women: the role of compounds regulating satiety
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“Under homeostatic conditions, leptin stimulates catabolic POMC neurons and POMC expression [21,23] but inhibits AgRP neurons and AgRP expression [24,25].”
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Hypothalamic Leptin and Ghrelin Signaling as Targets for Improvement in Metabolic Control
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schwartz, M. W., Baskin, D. G., Bukowski, T. R., Kuijper, J. L., Foster, D., Lasser, G., Prunkard, D. E., Porte, D., Woods, S. C., Seeley, R. J., & Weigle, D. S.
- Affiliations
- Departments of Medicine Seattle, Washington
- Biological Structure, and Psychology Seattle, Washington
- Seagen (Canada) (CA)
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 1996-04-01
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 531-535
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2154555913
- Semantic Scholar
- c410a5e2a945c2b99b27f91a7924c39febf099ae
- Cited by
- 904
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 25.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Novo Nordisk
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 12829, DK17844, DK-17047, R01DK012829, P30DK017047)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- leptin, ob/ob mice, neuropeptide Y, hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus, hyperglycemia, insulin, obesity, db/db mice, corticotropin-releasing factor, paraventricular nucleus, dietary intake, body weight, leptin resistance, pair feeding, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance
- MeSH terms
- Insulin Secretion, Animals, Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus, Blood Glucose, Cerebral Cortex, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Cricetinae, Hippocampus, Hypothalamus, Insulin, Kidney, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Obese, Neuropeptide Y, Obesity, Proteins, Recombinant Proteins, RNA, Messenger, Transfection, Gene Expression, In Situ Hybridization, Leptin, Mice
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