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Stress and Diabetes Mellitus
Open accessAbstract
Stress is a potential contributor to chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes. Stress has long been shown to have major effects on metabolic activity. Energy mobilization is a primary result of the fight or flight response. Stress stimulates the release of various hormones, which can result in elevated blood glucose levels. Although this is of adaptive importance in a healthy organism, in diabetes, as a result of the relative or absolute lack of insulin, stress-induced increases in glucose cannot be metabolized properly. Furthermore, regulation of these stress hormones may be abnormal in diabetes. However, evidence characterizing the effects of stress in type I diabetes is contradictory. Although some retrospective human studies have suggested that stress can precipitate type I diabetes, animal studies have shown that stressors of various kinds can precipitate—or prevent—various experimental models of the disease. Human studies have shown that stress can stimulate hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, or have no affect at all on glycemic status in established diabetes. Much of this confusion may be attributable to the presence of autonomic neuropathy, common in type I diabetes. In contrast, more consistent evidence supports the role of stress in type II diabetes. Although human studies on the role of stress in the onset and course of type II diabetes are few, a large body of animal study supports the notion that stress reliably produces hyperglycemia in this form of the disease. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence of autonomic contributions to the pathophysiology of this condition in both animals and humans.
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“Although human studies on the role of stress in the onset and development of diabetes are few, a large body of animal research supports the notion that stress enhances the state of hyperglycemia in this disease [4].”
From A mathematical model of brain glucose homeostasis (2009) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although human studies on the role of stress on the onset and course of diabetes are limited, a large body of evidence based on animal studies supports the notion that stress reliably induces hyperglycemia in diabetes [4].”
From A mathematical model of brain glucose homeostasis (2009) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although human studies on the role of stress on the onset and course of diabetes are limited, the notion that stress reliably produces hyperglycemia in disease has been supported by animal studies [4].”
From A mathematical model of brain glucose homeostasis (2009) · cites this paper as [4]
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“The stress-simulation results compared well with clinical knowledge concerning the stress-induced hyperglycemia in diabetes [4].”
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“Issues known to impact self-management and health outcomes include but are not limited to attitudes about the illness, expectations for medical management and outcomes, affect/mood, general and diabetes-related quality of life, resources (financial, social, and emotional) (136), and psychiatric history (137,140,141).”
From Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009 (2009) · cites this paper as [136]
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“Psychological and social problems can impair the individual's (133–138) or family's (139) ability to carry out diabetes care tasks and therefore compromise health status.”
From Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009 (2009) · cites this paper as [136]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Surwit, R. S., Schneider, M. S., & Feinglos, M. N.
- Affiliations
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Schneider, Mark S
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 1992-10-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1413-1422
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2127658779
- Semantic Scholar
- 1955c63cb0a11e7db5ca716b610975f161727b9b
- Cited by
- 400
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K02MH000303)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK043106, R01DK042923)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- stress, diabetes mellitus, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, fight-or-flight response, stress hormones, insulin deficiency, autonomic neuropathy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Mice, Obese, Stress, Physiological, Stress, Psychological, Mice
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