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Leisure-Time Physical Activity Patterns in the U.S. Diabetic Population: Findings from the 1990 National Health Interview Survey—Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Supplement
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Despite the scientific community's recognition of the importance of exercise, little is known about the epidemiology of exercise among persons with diabetes in the U.S. Our goals were to examine whether people with diabetes were more sedentary than people without diabetes, to examine the effect of activity limitations on the prevalence of exercise, and to examine whether the choice of activities differs among people with and without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined the 1990 Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Supplement of the National Health Interview Survey to describe leisure-time physical activity patterns in a representative sample of the U.S. population with diabetes. RESULTS: People with diabetes were less likely to report exercising regularly than people without this disease (34.3 ± 2.2% vs. 40.9 ± 0.5%, P < 0.05). When the data were stratified by activity limitation status, no significant differences were observed. People with diabetes were equally likely to have engaged in exercise in the preceding 2 weeks and to have expended ≥2,000 kcal/week as people without diabetes. Walking was the activity of choice for both groups: 49.2 ± 2.1% of people with diabetes reported walking during the previous 2 weeks compared with 44.2 ± 0.5% of people without diabetes (P < 0.05). People with diabetes were less likely to engage in jogging, aerobics, dancing, calisthenics, bicycling, weight lifting, several ball sports, and skiing than people without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: After adjusting for activity limitations and age, people with and without diabetes are equally likely to exercise. The majority of people with diabetes, like their nondiabetic counterparts, are not meeting national physical activity goals. Individuals with diabetes should be encouraged to exercise regularly in accordance with their capabilities, physical limitations, and personal interests.
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“However, most patients with type 2 diabetes still struggle to adhere to 1 or more major cornerstones of treatment: physical activity, healthy eating, blood glucose monitoring, and medication. 4-6”
From Feasibility and acceptability of a positive psychological intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Most patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have suboptimal adherence to recommended diet, physical activity, and/or medication.”
From Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale, Theoretical Model, and Intervention Development (2015) · cites this paper as [9]
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Sadia, L., Barua, L., Banik, P. C., & Faruque, M. (2020) · Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1002/lim2.14 · Cited by 6
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Lin, S., & Wang, M.-J. (2011) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2011.09.021 · Cited by 6
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Brown, S. J., Boulton, A. J. M., Bowling, F. L., & Reeves, N. D. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296816640290 · Cited by 5
“Mobility is a vital part of quality of life and patients with diabetes are frequently reported to be less active than nondiabetic controls.(4,5) Inactivity is unwelcome given the vast benefits of exercise to both glycemic control(6) and general health.”
BackgroundBarriers to Exercise in Type 2 DM Patients: An Institutional Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study
Majumdar, S., Gangopadhyay, K. K., Chowdhuri, N., Majumder, A., Dastidar, B. G., Bhattacharjee, K., & Dasgupta, S. (2019) · Journal of Diabetes Metabolism and its Complications · doi:10.31487/j.jdmc.2019.01.01 · Cited by 3
“In this regard, the results of our study are in line with the previous study findings and it reveals no improvement than the UK and US based studies published ten to twenty years ago [8, 9].”
ResultMeisenhelder-Smith, J. (2006) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 3
Prescribing Exercise for Patients with Diabetes
Badenhop, D. T. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-260-1_9 · Cited by 2
“Few patients with diabetes participate in regular physical activity, and in those who do the level of intensity is low (19, 20 ) . Findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey reported that of individuals with T2DM, 31% reported no regular physical activity and another 38% reported less tha…”
BackgroundPhysical Inactivity is the Main Cause of the Metabolic Syndrome
Feo, P. D., Loreto, C. D., Ranchelli, A., Fatone, C., Lucidi, P., & Santeusanio, F. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-0376-7_2 · Cited by 2
The Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes: changing exercise behaviours for better health
Brinson, D. (2007) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/6575 · Cited by 2
Curriculum Vitae Personal Data
Selmeczi, D. (2008) · Cited by 2
Exercício físico e diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Dornas, W. C., de Oliveira, T. T., & Nagem, T. J. (2011) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · doi:10.25110/arqsaude.v15i1.2011.3697 · Cited by 1
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Lifestyle Characteristics Among People With Diabetes and Prediabetes
Ogilvie, R. P., Zabetian, A., Mokdad, A. H., & Narayan, K. M. V. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 2
Cost-Comparison Analysis of a Physician-Delivered Step-Count Prescription Strategy
Sangarapillai, T., Hajizadeh, M., Daskalopoulou, S. S., & Dasgupta, K. (2021) · CJC Open · doi:10.1016/j.cjco.2021.04.009 · Cited by 1
Caron, N. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/1e6fa961ze502z41d8za0f1zbe09d9b80e6f · Cited by 1
Sollitari, L. H. (2014) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.5.2014.tde-29102014-144649
Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Individuals with and without Diabetes Mellitus
Reintjes, R., Sport, G., & Schüle, K. (2004)
Garcia, B. E., Vanzella, L. M., dos Santos, A. P. S., de Oliveira, E. A., Takahashi, C., Almeida, T. C., dos Santos, P. R., Gonçalves, A. F. L., dos Santos, A. A. S., Giacon, T. R., et al. (2015) · Colloquium Vitae · doi:10.5747/cv.2015.v07.n1.v128
Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity in Type 2 Diabetes in Korea
Chang, S. A., Lee, J. M., Sohn, T. S., Son, H. S., Park, S. W., Baik, S. H., Yu, J. M., Sung, Y., Ahn, C. W., Min, K. W., et al. (2007) · The Journal of Korean Diabetes Association · doi:10.4093/jkda.2007.31.1.83
Jennersjö, P. E. S. (2016) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-125911
José, M. E. R., Aramendi, G., & Sebastián, S. (2008)
L’esercizio fisico nel diabete di tipo 2: come possiamo migliorare l’aderenza?
Corrado, A., & Annuzzi, G. (2023) · il Diabete · doi:10.30682/ildia2301c
Lohano, B. D., Shamsi, N. I., & Imran, M. (2025) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_285_25
“[13,14] In Pakistani culture, several factors may influence PA. [15‑17] Like many other Asian countries or collectivistic societies, cultural norms are deeply rooted in tradition.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Ford, E. S., & Herman, W. H.
- Affiliations
- National Center for Environmental Health (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- ORCID
- Herman, William H
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 1995-01-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-33
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2088378838
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, leisure-time physical activity, sedentary behavior, activity limitation, walking, physical activity patterns, physical activity goals, National Health Interview Survey
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, United States, Exercise
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