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The Association Between Diabetes Metabolic Control and Drug Adherence in an Indigent Population
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE—Studies of the association between diabetes metabolic control and adherence to drug therapy have yielded conflicting results. Because low socioeconomic and minority populations have poorer diabetes outcomes and greater barriers to adherence, we examined the relationship between adherence and diabetes metabolic control in a large indigent population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The study population consisted of patients receiving medical care from a university-based internal medicine clinic serving a low-income population in rural central Virginia. The sample comprised 810 patients with type 2 diabetes who received oral diabetes medications from the clinic pharmacy and had at least one HbA1c determination during the study period. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association of HbA1c level as well as change in HbA1c level with medication adherence, demographic, and clinical characteristics. RESULTS—Better metabolic control was independently associated with greater medication adherence, increasing age, white (versus African-American) race, and lower intensity of drug therapy. For each 10% increment in drug adherence, HbA1c decreased by 0.16% (P < 0.0001). Controlling for other demographic and clinical variables, the mean HbA1c of African-Americans was 0.29% higher than that of whites (P = 0.04). Additionally, the intensity of diabetes drug therapy for African-Americans was lower, as was their measured adherence to it. There was no association between metabolic control and gender, income, encounter frequency, frequency of HbA1c testing, or continuity of care. CONCLUSIONS—Adherence to medication regimens for type 2 diabetes is strongly associated with metabolic control in an indigent population; African-Americans have lower adherence and worse metabolic control. Greater efforts are clearly needed to facilitate diabetes self-management behaviors of low-income populations and foster culturally sensitive and appropriate care for minority groups.
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“While following treatment regimens consistently improves A1C (9–12), the impact is modest.”
From Psychosocial care for people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association (2016) · cites this paper as [11]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schectman, J. M., Nadkarni, M. M., & Voss, J. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia (US)
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2002-06-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1015-1021
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2148382332
- Cited by
- 373
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 11.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, medication adherence, glycemic control, HbA1c, low-income populations, African Americans, racial disparities, socioeconomic status, oral antidiabetic drugs, diabetes self-management, minority health, rural health care
- MeSH terms
- Black or African American, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Income, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Compliance, Poverty, Regression Analysis, Virginia, Multivariate Analysis, Black People, White People
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