The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Depression Predicts Increased Incidence of Adverse Health Outcomes in Older Mexican Americans With Type 2 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE—To examine the separate and combined effects of depression and diabetes on the incidence of adverse health outcomes among older Mexican Americans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Longitudinal data from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (EPESE) survey were used to examine the main effects and interaction effects of diabetes and depressive symptoms (measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Study of Depression) or clinical diagnostic criteria (measured with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Depression Module) on the development of macrovascular complications (including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney disease), microvascular complications (including nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and amputations), functional disability, and mortality over 7 years in a sample of 2,830 Mexican Americans aged ≥65 years. RESULTS—The interaction of diabetes and depression was found to be synergistic, predicting greater mortality, greater incidence of both macro- and microvascular complications, and greater incidence of disability in activities of daily living, even when controlling for sociodemographic characteristics such as sex, age, education, acculturation, and marital status. Importantly, this interaction was found to predict not only greater incidence but also earlier incidence of adverse events in older adults. CONCLUSIONS—Whether a marker for underlying disease severity, an indicator of diminished self-care motivation, or the result of physiologic changes, the interaction of depression and diabetes has a synergistic effect on the health of older Mexican Americans, increasing the risk for poor outcomes. This is of particular clinical importance because although depression is often underrecognized in older adults, effective treatment is available and can result in improved medical outcomes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Americans of Mexican origin ( n = 2,830, 23% with diabetes); 7 year follow-up | Depressive symptoms measured by CES-D, clinical depression assessed by diagnostic interview | *Depressive symptoms and major depression associated with increased risk microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus as well as mortality.”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor (2017) · cites this paper as Black (2003) 142
In the citing paper
“Results from the literature showed that psychological disorders contributed to poor self‐care, worsened blood glucose levels, diminished quality of life and increased healthcare costs 5 , 6 .”
From Effects of mindfulness-based intervention on glycemic control and psychological outcomes in people with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Results from the literature showed that psychological disorders contributed to poor self‐care, worsened blood glucose levels, diminished quality of life and increased healthcare costs 5 , 6 .”
From Effects of mindfulness-based intervention on glycemic control and psychological outcomes in people with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Results from the literature showed that psychological disorders contributed to poor self‐care, worsened blood glucose levels, diminished quality of life and increased healthcare costs 5 , 6 .”
From Effects of mindfulness-based intervention on glycemic control and psychological outcomes in people with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Results from the literature showed that psychological disorders contributed to poor self‐care, worsened blood glucose levels, diminished quality of life and increased healthcare costs 5 , 6 .”
From Effects of mindfulness-based intervention on glycemic control and psychological outcomes in people with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Depressed patients with a chronic medical illness are usually sicker than their counterparts37–46 and have lower treatment adherence.37,47–51”
From Anxiety and Depression in COPD (2008) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“and mortality (4)”
From Depression in diabetes: have we been missing something important? (2011) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, increased risk of complications and early mortality is not limited to those with MDD but also extends to those with elevated depressive symptoms, even when these elevations are quite modest (4).”
From Depression in diabetes: have we been missing something important? (2011) · cites this paper as [4]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study
Murray, C. J., & Lopez, A. D. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)07495-8 · Cited by 4,492
Katz, S. (1963) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1963.03060120024016 · Cited by 2,421
Categorical Data Analysis Using the SAS System
Ziegel, E. R., Stokes, M., Davis, C., & Koch, G. (1996) · Technometrics · doi:10.1080/00401706.1996.10484575 · Cited by 2,034
Depression and Diabetes: Impact of Depressive Symptoms on Adherence, Function, and Costs
Ciechanowski, P. S., Katon, W. J., & Russo, J. E. (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.21.3278 · Cited by 1,465
Wittchen, H.-U., Robins, L. N., Cottler, L. B., Sartorius, N., Burke, J. D., Regier, D., & Trials, P. I. T. M. W. F. (1991) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.159.5.645 · Cited by 833
Depression and immunity: A meta-analytic review.
Herbert, T. B., & Cohen, S. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.472 · Cited by 812
Depression and Risk for Onset of Type II Diabetes: A prospective population-based study
Eaton, W. W., Armenian, H. K., Gallo, J. J., Pratt, L., & Ford, D. E. (1996) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.19.10.1097 · Cited by 611
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–586 of 586
Lunar, B., & de, C. (2012) · Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)
Khoza, S. (2011) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library)
Kulzer, B., Krichbaum, M., & Hermanns, N. (2014) · Der Diabetologe · doi:10.1007/s11428-014-1263-z
Ismail, K., & Mühlhans, B. (2008) · Psychosomatik und Konsiliarpsychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s11800-008-0110-8
Do individuals with both diabetes and depression have an increased mortality risk?
Pan, A., & Hu, F. B. (2011) · Diabetes Management · doi:10.2217/dmt.11.25
A tribute to Don Lipsitt, M.D., and renewal of GHP mission
Katon, W. J. (2005) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2004.12.002
Les complications cérébrales du diabétique âgé
Bauduceau, B., Bordier, L., Martin, A., Diop, E. H. N., Dupuy, O., & Mayaudon, H. (2009) · NPG. Neurologie, psychiatrie, gériatrie/NPG · doi:10.1016/j.npg.2008.12.003
Depression: Risikofaktor für den Typ-2-Diabetes?
Albers, B., & Icks, A. (2010) · Der Diabetologe · doi:10.1007/s11428-009-0532-8
Examination of the Synergistic Relationship of Diabetes and Depression
Galinski, R. P. E. (2013) · Biochemistry & Physiology Open Access · doi:10.4172/2168-9652.1000118
Comorbid Depression and Diabetes
Rubin, R. R. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-572-5_17
Wiraszka, R., Stępień, R., Zdziebło, K., Němcová, J., & Janion, M. (2013)
Lugo, C. E., Angélica, N., García, D., Nuevo, J. J. L., & Gutiérrez, G. V. (2007)
A Health Disparity: the Link Between Socioeconomic Status and Type II Diabetes
Flower, A. (2012) · ePublications at Regis University (Regis University)
Diabetes mellitus and depression
Villaverde, O. (2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9780203931592-4
Depression and diabetes: Debunking the myth of mind-body dichotomy
Gupta, M., Verma, P., Prakash, A., & Elwadhi, D. (2016) · Indian Journal of Medical Specialities · doi:10.1016/j.injms.2016.04.001 · Cited by 1
Demographic Profile, Trends, and Commentary
Delgado, M. (2006) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301182.003.0002
Access Challenges to Service Delivery
Delgado, M. (2006) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301182.003.0005
Delgado, M. (2006) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301182.003.0004
Die Arzt-Patient-Beziehung in der Diabetologie – Von der Compliance zum Empowerment
Kruse, J. (2008) · Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht eBooks · doi:10.13109/9783666401497.210
Practice Applications and Considerations
Delgado, M. (2006) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301182.003.0008
Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus und Depression bei älteren Menschen
Petrak, F. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-52911-9_1
Petrak, F., Hautzinger, M., Müller, M., & Herpertz, S. (2016) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/s-0042-121841
Nisa, U., & Shafi., D. H. (2016) · International Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.21474/ijar01/2328
Sedentary Behaviour Profiling in Breast Cancer Survivors and Implications for Mental Health
Lacombe, J. (2015) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Dynamics of depression and diabetes
Bot, M. (2012) · Research portal (Tilburg University)
Ардашова, Н. Ю., Лебедева, Н. Б., Pomeshkina, S. A., & Барбараш, О. Л. (2016) · Fundamental and Clinical Medicine · doi:10.23946/2500-0764-2016-1-3-58-65
MICROCIRCULATORY DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Krutitsky, S. S., Плотников, Г. П., Sizova, I. N., Dm, G., Dispensary, K. C., Шукевич, Д. Л., & Grigoriev, E. V. (2016) · Fundamental and Clinical Medicine · doi:10.23946/2500-0764-2016-1-3-24-32
A SOFTWARE FOR EVALUATION OF LUMBAR SPINE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY DENSITOMETRY
Kolpinskiy, G. I., Захаров, И. С., Ushakova, G. A., Ushakov, A. V., Ivanov, V. I., & Kagan, E. (2016) · Fundamental and Clinical Medicine · doi:10.23946/2500-0764-2016-1-3-46-51
CYTOGENETIC DETECTION OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS IN IXODID TICKS
Ilyinskikh, N. N., & Ilyinskikh, E. N. (2016) · Fundamental and Clinical Medicine · doi:10.23946/2500-0764-2016-1-3-33-38
TERMS OF RETINOBLASTOMA DIAGNOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH DISTINCT SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Yanchenko, T. V., & Владимировна, Г. Е. (2016) · Fundamental and Clinical Medicine · doi:10.23946/2500-0764-2016-1-3-66-72
OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF SHAKEN BABY SYNDROM
Kukuyuk, T. V., Владимировна, Г. Е., & Basova, G. G. (2016) · Fundamental and Clinical Medicine · doi:10.23946/2500-0764-2016-1-3-97-101
Mungrue, K. (2017) · Current Research in Diabetes & Obesity Journal · doi:10.19080/crdoj.2017.02.555583
Martínez, R. O., Santiago, O., Espino, D. V., & Ortiz, D. V. (2017)
Depressive symptoms in type II diabetics of a tertiary care hospital in southern India
S., N. B., & R., D. S. K. (2018) · International Journal of Advances in Medicine · doi:10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20180954
Dhandayuthapani, Sunitha, Rathinavel, Muthuperumal, P., & Muthappan, S. (2018) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182164
Bertoni (2018)
Nezu, A. M., Raggio, G. A., Evans, A. N., & Nezu, C. M. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118133880.hop209009
Geriatrische Aspekte bei Diabetes mellitus (Update 2019)
Huber, J., Smeikal, M., Saely, C. H., Stingl, H., Lechleitner, M., & Fasching, P. (2019) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-019-1463-z
Kulzer, B., Krichbaum, M., & Hermanns, N. (2015) · Humanmedizin kompakt · doi:10.1007/s40355-014-0040-y
Piedmont Health Collaborative Care Program
Reed, R. M. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/g52f-x333
Editorial Note: Human Behavior and COVID-19
Jaya, E. S. (2020) · Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia · doi:10.7454/hubs.asia.1270720
Necho, M., Tsehay, M., & Getachew, Y. (2020) · Journal of Depression & Anxiety
Matwin, S., Jasti, S., Williamson, J., Caravati, M., & Dudley, W. N. (2008)
Gariépy, G. (2014) · eScholarship@McGill (McGill) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.14490.44488
Prevalence of Sleep Disturbance and correlates in Chinese Older Adults with type 2 diabetesPreprint
Gong, Y.-X., Hou, C., Wang, S., Wang, F., Huang, Z., Yang, J.-J., & Jia, F. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-886317/v1
Thakkar, Y., & Zilate, S. (2021) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International · doi:10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i60b34851
Current literature in diabetes
(2004) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.494 · Cited by 1
Treatment of Depression in the Medically Ill
Jiang, W., & Krishnan, K. (2010) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-435-7_11
Diabetes in Culturally Diverse Populations: From Biology to Culture
Caballero, A. E. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20797-1_9-2
Geigges, W., Garwers, U., Poppelreuter, M., & Fritzsche, K. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-47744-1_15
Delgado, M. (2006) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301182.003.0009
Turner, A. P., Williams, R. M., & Ehde, D. M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-34034-0_19
Delgado, M. (2006) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301182.003.0001
(2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-21833-0.16001-2
To Study the Potential Biomarkers for the Early Identification of DKD in Vidharbha Region
Kondhalkar, A. A. (2021) · Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications · doi:10.21786/bbrc/14.7.10
Targeting Metabolic Abnormalities in Mental Health Prevention Strategies
Schimmenti, S., Maselli, F. M. C., & Tosato, S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-97906-5_13
(2006) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301182.002.0003
(2006) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301182.002.0005
(2006) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301182.002.0004
Psychosocial Aspects of Diabetic Neuropathy: From Description to Interventions
Vileikytė, L., & Pouwer, F. (2023) · Contemporary diabetes · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15613-7_13
Differences of Diabetes Treatment and Care in Various Ethnic Minorities
Yuan, Y. E., & Caballero, A. E. (2023) · Contemporary cardiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13177-6_35
Diabetes and Mental Health: From Distress to Depression
Heinze-Martin, G., Guizar, D. P., & Bernard, N. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25519-9_29
correlation between diabetes mellitus and depression
Madera, M., Mazur, S., Mazur, A., Bizan, A., Nagórska, E., Marcinkowski, K., Strus, K., Kublińska, A., Zdunek, R., & Dąbrowska, N. (2024) · Journal of Education Health and Sport · doi:10.12775/jehs.2024.74.52086
Park, S., & Lee, H. S. (2024) · Iranian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.18502/ijph.v53i7.16045
PRIYADARSHANI, S., & Pradhan, R. S. (2024) · Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research · doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i9.51237
Saldana, S. L. (2019) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc1538649
Varghese, N. M., & Varghese, J. S. (2025) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaaf015
Fasihuddeen, Habib, A., Aziz, A., Ahmad, B., & Danish, M. (2025) · International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20252443
Az időskori diabéteszről : A Magyar Diabetes Társaság Geriátriai Szekciója
Ádám, I., Bódis, B., Domboróczki, Z., Gordos, L., Bárdos, P. G., Havasi, A., Molnár, G. A., & Sipter, E. (2025) · Diabetologia Hungarica · doi:10.24121/dh.2025.10
Jell, G., Wroe, A. L., Saadiya, A., Causier, C., Palmer, E., Dosanjh, L., & McKechnie, V. (2025) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x25100159
ELDERS WITH DIABETES: IMPLICATIONS FOR DEPRESSION SCREENING
Clinkingbeard, C. (2009) · Scholar Works (Boise State University)
Management strategies in older adults with diabetes mellitus and polypharmacy; a narrative review
Seyithanoğlu, D., Erdoğan, T., & Bahat, G. (2026) · HORMONES · doi:10.1007/s42000-026-00775-2
Liu, Y., Yang, J., Zhou, S. J., & Peng, H. (2026) · International Journal of Nursing Practice · doi:10.1111/ijn.70135
Cardon, A., Cleal, B. R., Due‐Christensen, M., Dukers–Muijrers, N. H. T. M., Kirketerp‐Møller, K., Rasmussen, A., Ahluwalia, T. S., Hansen, C. S., Schram, M. T., & Koster, A. (2026) · Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System · doi:10.1111/jns.70130
Geriatrische Aspekte bei Diabetes mellitus (Update 2026)
Huber, J., Smeikal, M., Saely, C. H., Stingl, H., Lechleitner, M., & Fasching, P. (2026) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-025-02665-w
Hou, X., Duan, X., Cao, K., Wu, W., Liu, Z., Fan, X., & Wang, Y. (2026) · European Journal of Futures Research · doi:10.1186/s40309-026-00304-9
Individuelle Therapieziele bei Patienten mit Diabetes und Depression
Kruse, J., & Kulzer, B. (2012) · Der Diabetologe · doi:10.1007/s11428-011-0817-6
Determinants of functional decline in community-dwelling older adults
Fieo, R. A. (2011) · ERA
Prevention of Depression in Medical Conditions
Dong, L., & Gallo, J. J. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16045-0_4
Metadata
- Authors
- Black, S. A., Markides, K. S., & Ray, L. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- ORCID
- Black, Sandra A.
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2003-10-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2822-2828
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2091420496
- Cited by
- 587
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 14.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG 10939, R01AG010939)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK51261)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- depression, type 2 diabetes, older Mexican Americans, adverse health effects, macrovascular complications, microvascular complications, mortality, functional disability, activities of daily living, cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney disease, neuropathy, retinopathy, amputation
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Depression, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Disability Evaluation, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Incidence, Prevalence, Multivariate Analysis, Mexican Americans
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
