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The Confidence in Diabetes Self-Care Scale
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE—To examine psychometric properties of the Confidence in Diabetes Self-Care (CIDS) scale, a newly developed instrument assessing diabetes-specific self-efficacy in Dutch and U.S. patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Reliability and validity of the CIDS scale were evaluated in Dutch (n = 151) and U.S. (n = 190) outpatients with type 1 diabetes. In addition to the CIDS scale, assessment included HbA1c, emotional distress, fear of hypoglycemia, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and self-care behavior. The Dutch sample completed additional measures on perceived burden and importance of self-care. Test-retest reliability was established in a second Dutch sample (n = 62). RESULTS—Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.86 for Dutch patients and 0.90 U.S. patients) and test-retest reliability (Spearman’s r = 0.85, P < 0.0001) of the CIDS scale were high. Exploratory factor analysis showed one strong general factor. Spearman’s correlations between the CIDS scale and other measures were moderate and in the expected directions, and high HbA1c levels were associated with low CIDS scores in the U.S. sample only. Low CIDS scores were positively associated with self-care but not with glycemic control in the original samples. CIDS scores in the U.S. and Dutch samples did not show any statistically significant differences. U.S. men had higher CIDS scores than U.S. women. CONCLUSIONS—The CIDS scale is a reliable and valid measure of diabetes-specific self-efficacy for use in patients with type 1 diabetes. High psychometric similarity allows for cross-cultural comparisons.
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“Perceived Stress was measured with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; [70,71]). The PSS is a widely-used measure of psychological stress designed for community samples.”
From An online positive affect skills intervention reduces depression in adults with type 2 diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [71]
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Metadata
- Authors
- van der Ven, N. C. W., Weinger, K., Yi, J., Pouwer, F., Adèr, H., van der Ploeg, H. M., & Snoek, F. J.
- Affiliations
- Department of Medical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Joslin Diabetes Center (US)
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2003-03-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 713-718
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC1615850
- OpenAlex
- W2076543844
- Cited by
- 180
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 2.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK42315, R01DK042315)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
- Keywords
- diabetes self-efficacy, type 1 diabetes, psychometric validation, scale reliability, scale validity, glycemic control, HbA1c, self-care behavior, cross-cultural comparison, Dutch patients, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Predictive Value of Tests, Psychometrics, Self Care, United States, Reproducibility of Results, Self Efficacy
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