The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Changes in levels of cartilage oligomeric proteinase and urinary C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen in subjects with knee osteoarthritis after dextrose prolotherapy: A randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of dextrose prolotherapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis on the levels of serum cartilage oligomeric proteinase and urinary C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen, and on the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Index and numerical rating scale score for pain. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial, in which participants were randomly allocated into 2 groups, receiving injections of either hyaluronic acid or dextrose prolotherapy. The hyaluronic acid group received 5 injections, 1 each on weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and the dextrose prolotherapy group received 3 injections, 1 each on weeks 1, 5 and 9. Serum cartilage oligomeric proteinase, urinary C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen, Western Ontario McMaster Universities Index score, and numerical rating scale score for pain were measured at baseline and 3 weeks after the last injection. Comparative analysis was conducted using Wilcoxon test within groups and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test between groups. RESULTS: A total of 47 participants (21 allocated to hyaluronic acid, 26 allocated to dextrose prolotherapy) completed the protocol. Both interventions resulted in significant improvements in numerical rating scale scores for pain, total Western Ontario McMaster Universities Index scores, and its subscales score. However, the dextrose prolotherapy outperformed hyaluronic acid in numerical rating scale score for pain and level of urinary C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen, with score changes differences of 0.93 (p = 0.042) and 0.34 (p = 0.048), respectively. No significant changes in level of serum cartilage oligomeric proteinase were found in either group. CONCLUSION: Dextrose prolotherapy is an alternative injection therapy for knee osteoarthritis, which was found to be associated with a significant reduction in urinary C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen compared with hyaluronic acid injection. Neither injection method resulted in reduced serum cartilage oligomeric proteinase.
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“Some studies suggest that intra-articular dextrose prolotherapy may provide superior pain relief and cartilage protection compared to hyaluronic acid injections, though further research is needed to confirm long-term benefits [94].”
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A Systematic Review of Dextrose Prolotherapy for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
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Dextrose Prolotherapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Cited by
Efficacy of Prolotherapy for Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review
Waluyo, Y., Artika, S. R., Wahyuni, I. N., Gunawan, A. M. A. K., & Zainal, A. T. F. (2023) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/jrm.v55.2572 · Cited by 50
Self-citationIntra-articular Therapies for Knee Osteoarthritis: Current Update
Oo, W. M., & Hunter, D. J. (2023) · Current Treatment Options in Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s40674-023-00207-x · Cited by 29
Goulian, A. J., Goldstein, B., & Saad, M. A. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14062061 · Cited by 25
“Some studies suggest that intra-articular dextrose prolotherapy may provide superior pain relief and cartilage protection compared to hyaluronic acid injections, though further research is needed to confirm long-term benefits [94].”
Migliorini, F., Maffulli, N., Nijboer, C. H., Pappalardo, G., Pasurka, M., Betsch, M., & Kubach, J. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13010175 · Cited by 23
Vázquez, P. I. A., Tovilla‐Zárate, C. A., Castillo-Ávila, R. G., Legorreta-Ramírez, B. G., López‐Narváez, M. L., Arcila-Novelo, R., & González‐Castro, T. B. (2021) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000001918 · Cited by 21
Metadata
- Authors
- Waluyo, Y., Budu, Bukhari, A., Adnan, E., Darjanti Haryadi, R., Idris, I., Hamid, F., Usman, A., Phetrus Johan, M., & Alfian Zainuddin, A.
- Affiliations
- Hasanuddin University (ID)
- Corresponding author
- Waluyo, Yose
- Venue
- Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
- Publisher
- Medical Journals Sweden AB
- Published
- 2021-05-24
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1-7
- ISSN
- 1650-1977 (ISSN-L)
- 1651-2081
- PMC
- PMC8814831
- OpenAlex
- W3159236531
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 2.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Universitas Hasanuddin
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Tendon Structure and Treatment
- Keywords
- knee osteoarthritis, dextrose prolotherapy, hyaluronic acid injection, CTX-II, cartilage degradation biomarkers, pain, functional disability, injection therapy
- MeSH terms
- Prolotherapy, Double-Blind Method, Female, Glucose, Humans, Injections, Intra-Articular, Male, Middle Aged, Peptides, Treatment Outcome, Osteoarthritis, Knee, Collagen Type I, Collagen Type II
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- Waluyo, Y., Budu, Bukhari, A., Adnan, E., Darjanti Haryadi, R., Idris, I., Hamid, F., Usman, A., Phetrus Johan, M., & Alfian Zainuddin, A. (2021). Changes in levels of cartilage oligomeric proteinase and urinary C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen in subjects with knee osteoarthritis after dextrose prolotherapy: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2835
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