The DOI matches its Crossref record; none of the 44 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Abdullah Hashem, Ahmadi –Agama Keamanan dan Cahaya, dan al-Qa’im
Open accessAbstract
The Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light is a very fast-growing and global religious cult.The leader of this movement is an Egyptian American Abdullah Hashem who centers his doctrines on the Shi'ite's teaching of the messianic notion of al-Qa'im or the Riser who appears before the coming of al-Mahdi.With the rapid growth and numerous incidents around the world involving this emerging cult, a study is needed to understand the background of its founder, Abdullah Hashem, the formation of the Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light, and its central doctrine of al-Qa'im.
Overview
CoChat Summary
TL;DR
This article examines Abdullah Hashem and The Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light (AROPL), arguing that Hashem uses Shi'ite al-Qa'im traditions to legitimize a new, fast-growing global movement centered on himself. It traces his background, the movement’s formation from Ansar al-Mahdi/Black Banners of the East, and its doctrine and political ambitions.
Key findings
- AROPL is led by Egyptian-American Abdullah Hashem, who claims to be al-Qa'im/the Riser and the second of 12 Mahdis after Ahmad bin Ismail (Ahmad al-Hasan al-Yamani); the group emerged from Hashemfilms and Black Banners of the East and was renamed AROPL around 2018.
- Hashem’s central text, *The Goal of The Wise: The Gospel of the Riser of the Family of Mohammed*, is over 600 pages and 42 chapters; it presents dialogues with Ahmad bin Ismail, draws heavily on Shi'ite sources, and claims a new shari'ah and a “Divine Just State” led by Hashem.
- The article reports global controversies: 69 followers expelled from Sweden after an April 2023 raid; 104 detained at the Turkey-Bulgaria border in May 2023; 8 detained in Kuala Lumpur in July 2023; 24 detained in Algeria in June 2022 (18 charged); 15 detained in Iran in December 2022; and earlier Iraq clashes involving Jund al-Sama (13 police/soldiers killed, 30 injured; 263 militants killed, 406 captured, 10 leaders executed).
- The paper concludes that AROPL’s al-Qa'im doctrine is deviant from Sunni Islam and also rejected by contemporary Shi'ite scholars, and warns that its Mahdist ideology and political goal pose public-order risks.
Methods
- The paper does not state a formal methodology; it is a qualitative, documentary/textual study of Abdullah Hashem’s biography, AROPL’s organizational history, and its doctrine.
- Main data appear to be Hashem’s 2022 book *The Goal of The Wise*, Shi'ite and Sunni classical sources, news reports, court/company records, and NGO/human-rights reports.
- Analysis is thematic and doctrinal: tracing al-Qa'im and al-Yamani concepts, comparing them with Sunni and Shi'ite authorities, and narrating AROPL’s global expansion and controversies.
Limitations
- The paper states no limitations.
- Evident: it relies heavily on Hashem’s own book and secondary media/advocacy sources, with little independent fieldwork or systematic sampling.
- Evident: it adopts an explicitly Sunni polemical/normative stance, often labeling AROPL teachings as deviant, false, or superstitious, which may shape interpretation; it also describes some claims about Ahmad bin Ismail’s fate and Hashem’s relationship to him as uncertain or mysterious.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 Valid · 8 Not valid · 35 Not checked · 27 Own results and interpretations
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“beliau bersama rakan baiknya Joseph McGowen pernah didakwa di mahkamah atas tuduhan merosakkan reputasi sebuah organisasi agama berkaitan UFO iaitu International Raëlian Movement melalui penghasilan dokumentari mengenai organisasi tersebut pada tahun 2005”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Culp 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites International Raelian Movement v. Hashem 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Justeru pemimpin yang akan mempimpin manusia tersebut ialah dirinya sendiri yang adalah al-Qa'im yang dilantik oleh Tuhan.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Abdullah Hashem (2022: 102)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Abdullah Hashem (2022: 102) mengkhususkan lagi idea politiknya bahawa hakikat beragama ialah kepatuhan kepada pemimpin yang dilantik oleh Tuhan dan mewakili Tuhan di muka bumi.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Abdullah Hashem (2022: 102)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Kumpulan Ansar al-Mahdi yang menjadi asas penubuhan The Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light dari sudut sejarahnya mempunyai hubungan erat dengan Gerakan Sadr (Sadrist Movement) di Iraq dan kumpulan-kumpulan lain yang mempunyai kaitan dengannya termasuk Jund al-Sama.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Pargoo 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Abdullah Hashem dilihat mempergunakan konsep al-Qa'im yang wujud dalam ajaran Syiah sebagai dogma dan pelan utama bagi merealisasikan kewujudan suatu perkumpulan agama yang mengikutinya.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
3 more claims
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 47
- It may state two separate claims as one. 42
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Abstract
“Penyebaran ajaran Ahmad bin Ismail bermula sejak tahun 1993.”
§ Abstract
“Justeru sejak 1999, Ahmad bin Ismail mula menyampaikan ajarannya dan kemudiannya berkembang pesat di Iraq”
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Abdullah Hashem. 2018. Brief info About Abdullah Hashem https://www.deviantart.com/abdullahhashemplz/journal/Brief-info-About-Abdullah- Hashem-766891247 [Retrieved: 12 July 2023].
- al-Ash'ari, Abu al-Hasan 'Ali bin Isma'il. 1990. Maqalat al-Islamiyyin. Ed. by Muhammad Muhyi al- Din 'Abd al-Hamid. Vol. 1. Sayda, Lebanon: al-Maktabah al-'Asriyyah.
- Kathir, Abu al-Fida Isma'il bin 'Umar. 1999. Tafsir al-Qur'an al-'Azim. Ed. by Sami bin Muhammad al-Salamah. Vol. 3. 2 nd ed. Riyadh: Dar Tayyibah. Ibn Majah, Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad bin Yazid al-Qazwini. 2015. Sunan Ibn Majah. Sunt. Ra'id bin Sabri. 2 nd ed. Riyadh: Dar al-Hadarah li al-Nashr wa al-Tawzi'.
- al-Kulayni, Muhammad bin Ya'qub. 2007. Al-Kafi. Vol. 1-7. Beirut: Manshurat al-Fajr.
- al-Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir. 1983. Bihar al-Anwar al-Jami'ah li Durar Akhbar al-A'immah al- Athar. Vol. 1-110. 3 rd ed. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-'Arabi. Mirage News. 2023. UN Experts: Turkey Must Not Deport Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light Asylum Seekers. 5 July. https://www.miragenews.com/un-experts-turkey-must-not- deport-ahmadi-1040517/ [Retrieved: 14 August 2023].
- al-Mufid, Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad bin Muhammad al-'Ukbari al-Baghdadi. 1995. Al-Irshad fi Ma'rifat Hujaj Allah 'ala al-'Ibad. Vol. 1-2. Beirut: Mu'assasat Ali Bayt Alayhim al-Salam li Ihya' al-Turath.
- al-Zarkashi, Badr al-Din Muhammad. 1992. Al-Bahr al-Muhit fi Usul al-Fiqh. Vol. 5. Ed. by 'Abd al- Sattar Abu Ghuddah. 2 nd ed. Cairo: Dar al-Safwah.
Cited by
Still being checked.
Metadata
- Venue
- International Journal of Islamic Thought
- Published
- 2025-06-01
- Volume
- 27
- ISSN
- 2232-1314 (ISSN-L)
- 2289-6023
- OpenAlex
- W4410935692
- Semantic Scholar
- 8a93f71968d5a3f8165c39372cc92c15a101c292
- Cited by
- 0
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Islamic Thought (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Islamic Thought and Society Studies
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Islamic Studies and History
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices
- Keywords
- al-Mahdi, messianic eschatology, Shia Islam, cults, religious doctrine
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Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Abdullah Hashem, Ahmadi –Agama Keamanan dan Cahaya, dan al-Qa’im. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.24035/ijit.27.2025.328
- The paper
- Abdullah Hashem, Ahmadi –Agama Keamanan dan Cahaya, dan al-Qa’im. (2025). International Journal of Islamic Thought. https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.27.2025.328
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
