The DOI matches its Crossref record; 95 of the 95 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Impact of mulches on landscape plants and the environment—A review
Open accessAbstract
Mulches provide aesthetic, economic and environmental benefits to urban landscapes. Mulching is especially useful in the establishment of trees in landscapes that receive minimal care, such as restoration sites. In general, mulches improve soil health, creating healthy populations of plants and associated animals. These biodiverse, stable landscapes are more resistant to stress, are more aesthetically pleasing, require fewer applications of pesticides and fertilizers, and are ultimately more sustainable than those without mulch cover. All mulches are not created equally, however, and this review compares the costs and benefits of landscape mulches as reported in the scientific literature. It also presents real and perceived problems associated with various landscape mulches.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“However, they also repel slugs and snails.”
From Spent Coffee Grounds Applied as a Top-Dressing or Incorporated into the Soil Can Improve Plant Growth While Reducing Slug Herbivory (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
SUNDERLAND, K. D., & Samu, F. (2000) · Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata · doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.2000.00635.x · Cited by 378
Landscape Ecology of Lyme Disease in a Residential Area of Westchester County, New York
Maupin, G. O., Fish, D., Zultowsky, J., Campos, E. G., & Piesman, J. (1991) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115823 · Cited by 230
The Effects of Organic Amendments on the Restoration of a Disturbed Coastal Sage Scrub Habitat
Allen, T. A. Z. R. M. F. (1998) · Restoration Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1526-100x.1998.00617.x · Cited by 207
Merwin, I. A., & Stiles, W. C. (1994) · Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science · doi:10.21273/jashs.119.2.209 · Cited by 139
Arboriculture: Integrated Management of Landscape Trees, Shrubs, and Vines
Lavis, C. C. (2004) · HortTechnology · doi:10.21273/horttech.14.3.0457 · Cited by 105
A Comparison of Landscape Mulches: Chemical, Allelopathic, and Decomposition Properties
Duryea, M. L., English, R. J., & Hermansen, L. A. (1999) · Arboriculture & Urban Forestry · doi:10.48044/jauf.1999.014 · Cited by 96
Montague, T., & Kjelgren, R. K. (2003) · Scientia Horticulturae · doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2003.08.010 · Cited by 91
Oliveira, M. T., & Merwin, I. A. (2001) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1023/a:1017992810626 · Cited by 85
The Effect of Wood Mulch Type and Depth on Weed and Tree Growth and Certain Soil Parameters
Greenly, K., & Rakow, D. A. (1995) · Arboriculture & Urban Forestry · doi:10.48044/jauf.1995.036 · Cited by 84
Smoke, Mulch, and Seed Broadcasting Effects on Woodland Restoration in Western Australia
Rokich, D. P., Dixon, K. W., Sivasithamparam, K., et al. (2002) · Restoration Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1526-100x.2002.02040.x · Cited by 84
The Effect of Surface Cover on Soil Moisture Losses by Evaporation
Russel, J. C. (1940) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj1940.036159950004000c0012x · Cited by 83
Frost heaving of forest tree seedlings: a review
Goulet, F. (1995) · New Forests · doi:10.1007/bf00028927 · Cited by 83
Organic Mulch and Grass Competition Influence Tree Root Development
Watson, G. (1988) · Arboriculture & Urban Forestry · doi:10.48044/jauf.1988.048 · Cited by 79
Walsh, B. D., MacKenzie, A. F., Salmins, S., et al. (1996) · Canadian Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.4141/cjss96-028 · Cited by 73
Impact of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) in wood mulch
Townsend, T. G., Solo‐Gabriele, H. M., Tolaymat, T. M., & Stook, K. (2003) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(03)00047-0 · Cited by 63
Effects of mulching and fertilizer application on initial development of some tree species
Gupta, G. N. (1991) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/0378-1127(91)90009-k · Cited by 53
Self-Heating In Yard Trimmings: Conditions Leading To Spontaneous Combustion
Buggeln, R., & Rynk, R. F. (2002) · Compost Science & Utilization · doi:10.1080/1065657x.2002.10702076 · Cited by 52
Iles, J. K., & Dosmann, M. S. (1999) · Arboriculture & Urban Forestry · doi:10.48044/jauf.1999.022 · Cited by 51
Wood Chip Mulching Around Maples: Effect on Tree Growth and Soil Characteristics
Fraedrich, S. W., & Ham, D. (1982) · Arboriculture & Urban Forestry · doi:10.48044/jauf.1982.021 · Cited by 48
Long, C. E., Thorne, B. L., Breisch, N. L., et al. (2001) · Environmental Entomology · doi:10.1603/0046-225x-30.5.832 · Cited by 39
Merwin, I. A., Ray, J. A., Steenhuis, T. S., et al. (1996) · Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science · doi:10.21273/jashs.121.2.249 · Cited by 39
Influence of Mulch Materials on Growth of Green Ash
Litzow, M., & Pellett, H. M. (1983) · Arboriculture & Urban Forestry · doi:10.48044/jauf.1983.002 · Cited by 38
Reduction of Landscape Pathogens in Florida by Soil Solarization
McGovern, R. J., McSorley, R., & Bell, M. L. (2002) · Plant Disease · doi:10.1094/pdis.2002.86.12.1388 · Cited by 38
Suppression of seed germination and early seedling growth by plantation harvest residues
Schumann, A. W., Little, K. M., & Eccles, N. S. (1995) · South African Journal of Plant and Soil · doi:10.1080/02571862.1995.10634359 · Cited by 36
Siipilehto, J. (2001) · Silva Fennica · doi:10.14214/sf.577 · Cited by 35
Effects of Turfgrass and Mulch on the Establishment and Growth of Bare-Root Sugar Maples
Green, T., & Watson, G. (1989) · Arboriculture & Urban Forestry · doi:10.48044/jauf.1989.057 · Cited by 35
Ferm, A., Hytönen, J., Lilja, S., et al. (1994) · Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1080/02827589409382851 · Cited by 34
Maclean, R. H., Litsinger, J. A., Moody, K., Watson, A. K., & Libetario, E. M. (2003) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/s0167-8809(02)00033-6 · Cited by 34
Nitrogen fixation capacity in the component species of contour hedgerows: how important?
Garrity, D. P., & Mercado, A. R. (1994) · Agroforestry Systems · doi:10.1007/bf00705059 · Cited by 34
EVALUATION OF ORGANIC LANDSCAPE MULCHES: COMPOSITION AND NUTRIENT RELEASE CHARACTERISTICS
Pickering, J. S., & Shepherd, A. (2000) · Arboricultural Journal · doi:10.1080/03071375.2000.9747271 · Cited by 31
Factors Affecting Root Rot Control in Mulched Avocado Orchards
Downer, J., Faber, B. A., & Menge, J. A. (2002) · HortTechnology · doi:10.21273/horttech.12.4.601 · Cited by 31
Effect of Planting Covers on Herbicide Persistence in Landscape Soils
Gan, J., Zhu, Y., Wilen, C. A., et al. (2003) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es026259u · Cited by 29
Effects of a Deep Layer of Mulch on the Soil Environment and Tree Root Growth
Watson, G., & Kupkowski, G. (1991) · Arboriculture & Urban Forestry · doi:10.48044/jauf.1991.056 · Cited by 29
Comparison of Mulches for Fresh-market Basil Production
Davis, J. M. (1994) · HortScience · doi:10.21273/hortsci.29.4.267 · Cited by 29
Copper mobility and toxicity of soil percolation water to bacteria in a metal polluted forest soil
Kiikkilä, O., Derome, J., Brügger, T., Uhlig, C., & Fritze, H. (2002) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1023/a:1014478818078 · Cited by 28
Black polyethylene mulch improves growth of plantation-grown loblolly pine and yellow-poplar
Walker, R. F., & McLaughlin, S. B. (1989) · New Forests · doi:10.1007/bf00028934 · Cited by 28
Appleton, B. L., Derr, J. F., & Ross, B. B. (1990) · Arboriculture & Urban Forestry · doi:10.48044/jauf.1990.059 · Cited by 27
Organic Mulches Increase Growth of Young Pecan Trees
Foshee, W. G., Goff, W. D., Tilt, K. M., et al. (1996) · HortScience · doi:10.21273/hortsci.31.5.811 · Cited by 27
Mulches and Subirrigation Control Weeds in Container Production
Wilen, C. A., Schuch, U. K., & Elmore, C. L. (1999) · Journal of Environmental Horticulture · doi:10.24266/0738-2898-17.4.174 · Cited by 27
Salim, R., & El‐Halawa, R. A. (2002) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1205/095758202762277632 · Cited by 26
Donnelly, J. R., & Shane, J. B. (1986) · Canadian Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1139/x86-134 · Cited by 26
Transpiration by Crape Myrtle Cultivars Surrounded by Mulch, Soil, and Turfgrass Surfaces
Zajicek, J. M., & Heilman, J. L. (1991) · HortScience · doi:10.21273/hortsci.26.9.1207 · Cited by 26
Utilization of MSW Compost In Nursery Stock Production
Maynard, A. A. (1998) · Compost Science & Utilization · doi:10.1080/1065657x.1998.10701939 · Cited by 25
Houle, G., & Babeux, P. (1994) · Canadian Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1139/x94-302 · Cited by 24
Effects of Mulch on Soil Moisture and Growth of Desert Willow
Kraus, H. T. (1998) · HortTechnology · doi:10.21273/horttech.8.4.588 · Cited by 24
Arthur, M. A., & Wang, Y. (1999) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300030028x · Cited by 23
Herbage production under ponderosa pine killed by the mountain pine beetle in Colorado
McCambridge, W. F., Morris, M. J., & Edminster, C. B. (1982) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · Cited by 23
Evaluation of landscape mulches.
Stinson, J. M., Brinen, G. H., McConnell, D. B., et al. (1990) · Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society · Cited by 22
The Ease of Ignition of 13 Landscape Mulches
Steward, L. G., Sydnor, T. D., & Bishop, B. L. (2003) · Arboriculture & Urban Forestry · doi:10.48044/jauf.2003.038 · Cited by 21
Implementation of Best Management Practices in an Oil Palm Rehabilitation Project
Griffiths, W. E., & Fairhurst, T. (2003) · Cited by 20
Sun, D., Dickinson, G., & Bragg, A. L. (1994) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/0167-8809(94)90069-8 · Cited by 20
Landscape Fabric as a Physical Barrier to Neonate Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
McKenzie, C. L., Lapointe, S. L., & Duncan, L. W. (2001) · Florida Entomologist · doi:10.2307/3496409 · Cited by 20
Duncan, R. A., Stapleton, J. J., & McKenry, M. V. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 20
Weed Control Strategies for Field Grown Herbaceous Perennials
Calkins, J. B., Swanson, B. T., & Newman, D. L. (1996) · Journal of Environmental Horticulture · doi:10.24266/0738-2898-14.4.221 · Cited by 20
Use of Mushroom Compost to Suppress Artillery Fungi
Davis, D. D., Kuhns, L. J., & Harpster, T. L. (2005) · Journal of Environmental Horticulture · doi:10.24266/0738-2898-23.4.212 · Cited by 19
Szwedo, J., & Maszczyk, M. (2000) · Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research · Cited by 19
Management of forest nursery soils dominated by calcium salts
Landis, T. D. (1988) · New Forests · doi:10.1007/bf00029987 · Cited by 19
Tree Pathogen Survival in Chipped Wood Mulch
Koski, R. D. C., & Jacobi, W. R. (2004) · Arboriculture & Urban Forestry · doi:10.48044/jauf.2004.020 · Cited by 19
Will Subterranean Termites Consume Landscape Mulches?
Duryea, M. L., Huffman, J., English, R. J., et al. (1999) · Arboriculture & Urban Forestry · doi:10.48044/jauf.1999.020 · Cited by 19
Deep-rooted plants for erosion control on granitic road fills in the Idaho Batholith /
Megahan, W. F., & States., U. (1974) · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.68774 · Cited by 17
Landscape materials as repellents of red imported fire ants.
Jt, A., Hg, T., & Sa, R. (2002) · Southwestern Entomologist · Cited by 17
Black polyethylene mulch-an alternative to mechanical cultivation for establishing hybrid Poplars.
Bowersox, T. W., & Ward, W. W. (1970) · Tree planters' notes · Cited by 16
Tamás, L., & Bubán, T. (2000) · Acta Horticulturae · doi:10.17660/actahortic.2000.525.62 · Cited by 15
Cultivar and Mulch Affect Cold Injury of Young Pecan Trees
Smith, M. W. (2000) · Journal of the American Pomological Society · doi:10.71318/apom.2000.54.1.29 · Cited by 14
Compost Amendments DecreaseVerticillium dahliaeInfection on Potato
Entry, J. A., Strausbaugh, C. A., & Sojka, R. E. (2005) · Compost Science & Utilization · doi:10.1080/1065657x.2005.10702216 · Cited by 14
Management of Blackspot of Rose in the Landscape in Alabama
Bowen, K. L. (1995) · Plant Disease · doi:10.1094/pd-79-0250 · Cited by 13
Permanent mulches for landscape plantings of dwarf crape myrtles
Einert, A. E., Guidry, R., & Huneycutt, H. (1975) · American nurseryman · Cited by 13
Wood, C. B., Smalley, T. J., Rieger, M. W., et al. (1994) · Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science · doi:10.21273/jashs.119.4.687 · Cited by 12
IFP-COMPATIBLE GROUND-COVER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN A NEW-PLANTED APPLE ORCHARD
Bubán, T., Helmeczi, B., Papp, J., et al. (1996) · Acta Horticulturae · doi:10.17660/actahortic.1996.422.47 · Cited by 12
The Potential Of Mulch To Transmit Three Tree Pathogens
Jacobs, K. A. (2005) · Arboriculture & Urban Forestry · doi:10.48044/jauf.2005.030 · Cited by 11
Efficacy of mulches in conserving monsoonal moisture for the Rabi crops
Chaudhary, R. S., Patnaik, U. S., & Dass, A. (2003) · Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science · Cited by 10
Water yield and soil loss from soil-block lysimeters planted to small trees and other crops /
Sartz, R. S. (1963) · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.83685 · Cited by 10
PROXIMATE CARBON ANALYSIS FOR COMPOST PRODUCTION AND MULCH USE
Crohn, D. M., & Bishop, M. L. (1999) · Transactions of the ASAE · doi:10.13031/2013.13243 · Cited by 9
Influence of Mulch Characteristics on Sporulation by the Artillery Fungus Sphaerobolus stellatus
Brantley, E. A., Davis, D. D., & Kuhns, L. J. (2001) · Journal of Environmental Horticulture · doi:10.24266/0738-2898-19.2.89 · Cited by 9
Survival and growth of clove seedlings in Zanzibar. 1. Effects of mulching and shade crops
Martin, P. J., & Poultney, R. G. (1992) · Tropical Agriculture · Cited by 8
Bedford, H. A. R., & Pickering, P. S. U. (1919) · Macmillan and Co. Limited eBooks · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.30280 · Cited by 7
Use of Mulches in Estblishment and Growth of Tree Species on Dry Lands
Singh, B., Gupta, G. N., Prasad, K. G., et al. (1988) · Indian Forester · Cited by 7
Evaluation of various mulching materials used to improve plantation survival
Hunt, L. (1963) · Cited by 6
Evaluation of Several Organic Mulching Materials on a Sandy Loam Forest Nursery Soil
Nierop, E. T. V., & White, D. P. (1958) · Journal of Forestry · doi:10.1093/jof/56.1.23 · Cited by 6
Singh, A., & Singh, R. B. (1999) · Cited by 6
Mulches derived from wood: an economic comparison of two materials used to reclaim surface mines.
Ringe, J. M., & Graves, D. H. (1990) · Forest Products Journal · Cited by 5
Froment, M. A., Britt, C., Doney, J. C., et al. (2000) · Aspects of applied biology · Cited by 5
Field establishment of container-grown plants. 1. Effects of weed control.
Clemens, J. D., & Starr, R. K. (1985) · Journal of Environmental Management · Cited by 4
Evaluation of an Acacia nilotica based silvipasture system on degraded land of Shivalik foothills.
Samra, J. S., & Singh, S. C. (1998) · Indian Journal of Soil Conservation · Cited by 4
Turf Herbicide Injury to Landscape Trees as Influenced by Mulch
Smith, L. J., & Skroch, W. A. (1995) · Journal of Environmental Horticulture · doi:10.24266/0738-2898-13.2.60 · Cited by 4
Effects of Container Medium Peat Content and Bed Surface on Plant Growth During Capillary Irrigation
Banko, T. J., & Stefani, M. A. (1991) · Journal of Environmental Horticulture · doi:10.24266/0738-2898-9.1.33 · Cited by 4
Irrigation and twig-covering experiments in Scots pine forests.
Brantseg, A. (1962) · Jukuri (Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)) · Cited by 4
Leachings from eucalyptus leaves have no adverse effect on germination and growth of paddy.
Lillaram, N. T., & Rao, B. V. V. (1980) · Current Research · Cited by 3
Pinus Thunbergii: A Successful Exotic on the North Atlantic Coast
Littlefield, E. W. (1942) · Journal of Forestry · doi:10.1093/jof/40.7.566 · Cited by 3
INNOVATIVE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR NON-ASTRINGENT PERSIMMON
George, A. P., Nissen, R. J., Mowat, A. D., et al. (2003) · Acta Horticulturae · doi:10.17660/actahortic.2003.601.20 · Cited by 3
Gardiner, E. S., & Yeiser, J. L. (1998) · Southern Journal of Applied Forestry · doi:10.1093/sjaf/22.3.148 · Cited by 3
Mengel, D. L., Davey, C. B., & Cassel, D. K. (1993) · New Forests · doi:10.1007/bf00036750 · Cited by 2
Britt, C., & Smith, J. M. (1996) · Aspects of applied biology · Cited by 1
Schwan, T. (1993) · Cited by 1
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- [57]57. Horowitz, M. and J.M. Thomas. 1994. Couverture du sol pour la gestion des mauvaises herbes (Soil cover for weed management), pp. 149- 154. Maitrise des adventices par voie non chimique. Communications de la quatrieme conference internationale I.F.O.A.M. 2 nd Edition.
- [67]67. Kuhns, L.J. 1992. Efficacy and phytotoxicity of three landscape herbicides with and without a light mulch. Proc. Northeastern Weed Sci. Soc. 46:85-89.
- [70]70. Leclerc, D. 1997. Le paillage en foret (Mulching in forests). Bulletin Technique Office National des Forets 32:39-46.
- [92]92. Naklang, K., A.M. Whitbread, Y. Konboon, D. Suriya-Arunroj, G.J. Blair, and R.D.B. Lefroy. 1999. The management of pre and post-legume crops, fertilisers and plant residues on rice yields and soil carbon in a flooded rice cropping system, pp. 51-57. In: A.M. Whitbread and G.J. Blair (eds.), Integrated nutrient management in farming systems in Southeast Asia and Australia: Proceedings of an International Workshop. National Agricultural Research Centre, Vientiane, Laos. April 21-22, 1999.
- [103]103. Spaulding, P. and J.R. Hansbrough. 1943. The needle blight of Eastern white pine. USDA Bureau of Plant Industry, 2 pp. 120.
- [104]104. Stenn, H. 2005. Woody mulch research review, professional users and product availability surveys. Seattle Public Utilities, Seattle, WA. 121.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Horgan, F. G., Floyd, D., Mundaca, E. A., & Crisol-Martínez, E. (2023) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture13020257 · Cited by 38
Metadata
- Authors
- Chalker-Scott, L.
- Affiliations
- Washington State University, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, 7612 Pioneer Way E., Puyallup, WA 98371
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Horticulture
- Publisher
- Horticultural Research Institute
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 239-249
- ISSN
- 0738-2898 (ISSN-L)
- 2573-5586
- OpenAlex
- W2310130676
- Cited by
- 359
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Horticulture (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Turfgrass Adaptation and Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Urban Arborization and Environmental Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Irrigation Practices and Water Management
- Keywords
- mulch, landscape plants, urban landscape, tree establishment, soil health, biodiversity, pesticide and fertilizer reduction, sustainable landscapes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review