Cited by 78Stellar, planetary, and galactic studiesAstrophysics and Star Formation StudiesAstronomy and Astrophysical Research

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Ages of Young Stars

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Soderblom, D. R., Hillenbrand, L. A., Jeffries, R. D., Mamajek, E. E., Naylor, T.·2014·Protostars and Planets VI

Abstract

Determining the sequence of events in the formation of stars and planetary systems and their time-scales is essential for understanding those processes, yet establishing ages is fundamentally difficult because we lack direct indicators. In this review we discuss the age challenge for young stars, specifically those less than ~100 Myr old. Most age determination methods that we discuss are primarily applicable to groups of stars but can be used to estimate the age of individual objects. A reliable age scale is established above 20 Myr from measurement of the Lithium Depletion Boundary (LDB) in young clusters, and consistency is shown between these ages and those from the upper main sequence and the main sequence turn-off -- if modest core convection and rotation is included in the models of higher-mass stars. Other available methods for age estimation include the kinematics of young groups, placing stars in Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams, pulsations and seismology, surface gravity measurement, rotation and activity, and lithium abundance. We review each of these methods and present known strengths and weaknesses. Below ~20 Myr, both model-dependent and observational uncertainties grow, the situation is confused by the possibility of age spreads, and no reliable absolute ages yet exist. The lack of absolute age calibration below 20 Myr should be borne in mind when considering the lifetimes of protostellar phases and circumstellar material.

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Research works printed but not linked: 15

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Metadata

Authors
Soderblom, D. R., Hillenbrand, L. A., Jeffries, R. D., Mamajek, E. E., & Naylor, T.
Venue
Protostars and Planets VI
Published
2014
OpenAlex
W1834608094
Cited by
78
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 9
FWCI
22.58
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • University of Arizona Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
National Science Foundation (1008908)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
Keywords
young stars, stellar ages, age estimation, lithium depletion boundary, young stellar clusters, main-sequence turnoff, stellar rotation, stellar activity, lithium abundance, stellar pulsation, asteroseismology, Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, surface gravity, age spread, circumstellar medium

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