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Human Exposure to Cyanotoxins and their Effects on Health
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Cyanotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria. They pose a threat to human health and the environment. This review summarises the existing data on human exposure to cyanotoxins through drinking water, recreational activities (e.g., swimming, canoeing or bathing), the aquatic food web, terrestrial plants, food supplements, and haemodialysis. Furthermore, it discusses the tolerable daily intake and guideline values for cyanotoxins (especially microcystins) as well as the need to implement risk management measures via national and international legislation.
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“The World Health Organization (WHO) has advised a limit of 1 µg/L of MC-LR in drinking water [12,33,34].”
From Tendencies Affecting the Growth and Cultivation of Genus Spirulina: An Investigative Review on Current Trends (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
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Papadimitriou, T., Kormas, K., & Vardaka, E. (2021) · Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety · doi:10.1007/s00003-021-01324-2 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Drobac, D., Tokodi, N., Simeunović, J., Baltić, V., Stanić, D., & Svirčev, Z.
- Affiliations
- University of Novi Sad (RS)
- Venue
- Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2013-06-01
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 305-316
- ISSN
- 0004-1254 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2148071557
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Hrčak Portal of scientific journals of Croatia (University Computing Centre) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Keywords
- cyanotoxins, cyanobacteria, human exposure, microcystins, drinking water, recreational water contact, aquatic food webs, land plants, dietary supplements, hemodialysis, tolerable daily intake, guideline values, risk management, legislation
- MeSH terms
- Cyanobacteria, Bacterial Toxins, Environmental Exposure, Food Contamination, Renal Dialysis, Humans, Risk Management, Water Microbiology, Water Supply, Liver Failure, Acute, Risk Assessment, Inhalation Exposure, Food Chain, Microcystins, Drinking Water
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