Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of daily cigarette smoking in Poland: results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2009-2010)
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of daily cigarette smoking among adults in Poland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A nationally representative household study was implemented between 2009 and 2010 to explore smoking pattern among the population aged 15 years and older. The smoking status and socio-demographic data were determined based on the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) questionnaire. Out of the 14000 households selected for the survey, 7840 sampled persons completed the interviews, including 2162 respondents who declared daily smoking of cigarettes. Logistic regression models were applied to assess factors related to daily cigarette smoking. RESULTS: Over 33% of men and 21% of women (p < 0.01) reported tobacco smoking on a daily basis. The significantly higher risk of smoking on a daily basis was observed among the male and female 20-59 years of age compared to the 60 or older population (p < 0.05). For men and women with the lower educational (primary/vocational/secondary) level, the risk of smoking was significantly higher than for the subjects with university degree (p < 0.05). The unemployed men smoked daily significantly more frequently than the employed ones (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.4-2.4). This association was not observed among women (p > 0.05). The residents of urban areas smoked significantly more frequently than people living in rural settings (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Actions to tackle socio-economic inequalities in smoking need to be intensified. The antismoking efforts should be focused on the population of Poles at large and people with lower educational levels, unemployed men, and residents of large urban settings in particular. The tobacco control interventions should also address the population of women at reproductive age.
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The association between tobacco use and rural dwelling is in line with low-income countries but dissimilar to middle- and high-income countries where tobacco use correlates with dwellers in large cities.
“our findings as regards the association between tobacco use and rural dwelling is in line with low-income countries (43) but dissimilar to findings in middle- and high-income countries where tobacco use correlates with dwellers in large cities (44).”
From Community-Based Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral for Treatment for Unhealthy Tobacco Use: Single Arm Study Experience and Implementation Success in Rural and Semi-Rural Settings, South-West Nigeria (2016) · cites this paper as [44]
The Abstract and Conclusions report more frequent daily smoking among residents of large urban settings in Poland than among rural residents. The discussion says the association with increasing urbanization was clear among women but less clear among men. This supports the urban-residence finding cited as (44), but a study of Poland does not establish the claimed pattern across middle- and high-income countries; the low-income-country comparison is attached to citation (43). (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA positive relationship between tobacco use and low socioeconomic status is in agreement with Western findings and findings from other developing nations.
“our result with respect to a positive relationship between tobacco use and low socioeconomic status is in agreement with Western findings (44) as well as findings from other developing nations (30, 38, 39).”
From Community-Based Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral for Treatment for Unhealthy Tobacco Use: Single Arm Study Experience and Implementation Success in Rural and Semi-Rural Settings, South-West Nigeria (2016) · cites this paper as [44]
The Univariate analysis (page unavailable) reports that lower education was associated with daily cigarette smoking among both men and women in Poland. The paper also says studies in Poland and other European countries found higher smoking prevalence with lower education, but it does not establish the claimed agreement with findings from developing nations. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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References 29 · Cited by 43
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Kaleta D, Usidame B, Polańska K. Tobacco advertisements to women: creating an awareness among women. Cent Eur J Public Health 2011;19(2):73-8.
- Schaap MM, Kunst E. Monitoring of socioeconomic inequali- ties in smoking: Learning from the experiences of recent scien- tific studies. Public Health 2009;123:103-9.
- Authors
- Kaleta, D., Makowiec-Dąbrowska, T., Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E., & Fronczak, A.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of Lodz (PL)
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (PL)
- Ministry of Health (PL)
- Venue
- International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
- Published
- 2012-01-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 126-36
- ISSN
- 1232-1087 (ISSN-L)
- 1896-494X
- OpenAlex
- W1798345784
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- Johns Hopkins University
- RTI International
- Bloomberg Philanthropies
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation
- Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny
- Uniwersytet Warszawski
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Keywords
- smoking prevalence, sociodemographic correlates, tobacco use, educational attainment, employment status, urban-rural differences, sex differences, tobacco control, Poland
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Data Collection, Educational Status, Employment, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Poland, Population Surveillance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Rural Population, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Time Factors, Urban Population, Prevalence, Young Adult
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