Exposure to environmental and lifestyle factors and attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder in children - a review of epidemiological studies
Open accessAbstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Although the mechanisms that lead to the development of ADHD remain unclear, genetic and environmental factors have been implicated. These include heavy metals and chemical exposures, nutritional and lifestyle/psychosocial factors. The aim of this review was to investigate the association between ADHD or ADHD-related symptoms and widespread environmental factors such as phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), tobacco smoke, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) and alcohol. Medline, PubMed and Ebsco search was performed to identify the studies which analyze the association of prenatal and postnatal child exposure to environmental toxicants and lifestyle factors and ADHD or ADHD-related symptoms. The review is restricted to human studies published since 2000 in English in peer reviewed journals. Despite much research has been done on the association between environmental risk factors and ADHD or ADHD symptoms, results are not consistent. Most studies in this field, focused on exposure to tobacco smoke, found an association between that exposure and ADHD and ADHD symptoms. On the other hand, the impact of phthalates, BPA, PFCs, PAHs and alcohol is less frequently investigated and does not allow a firm conclusion regarding the association with the outcomes of interest.
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Environmental chemicals that have been implicated as risk factors for ASD include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), lead, bisphenol A (BPA), mercury, and pesticides.
“Environmental chemicals that have been implicated as risk factors for ASD include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), lead, bisphenol A (BPA), mercury, and pesticides ( Tables 1–2 ) [ 52–62 ].”
From DNA methylation: a mechanism linking environmental chemical exposures to risk of autism spectrum disorders? (2016) · cites this paper as [57]
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References 109 · Cited by 65
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- Authors
- Polańska, K., Jurewicz, J., & Hanke, W.
- Affiliations
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (PL)
- Venue
- International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
- Published
- 2012-01-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 330-55
- ISSN
- 1232-1087 (ISSN-L)
- 1896-494X
- OpenAlex
- W72045760
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, environmental exposure, lifestyle factors, prenatal exposure, postnatal exposure, phthalates, bisphenol A, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohol exposure, tobacco smoke, heavy metals, neurodevelopmental disorders, children
- MeSH terms
- Bisphenol A Compounds, Alcohol Drinking, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Benzhydryl Compounds, Child, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated, Life Style, Phenols, Phthalic Acids, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Tobacco Smoke Pollution
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