The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 65 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The Royal Components of Melchizedek in Hebrews 7
Open accessAbstract
The Royal Components of Melchizedek in Hebrews 7: The royal component of Melchizedek in Hebrews 7 has often been disregarded. This study investigates the royal component of Melchizedek in Hebrews 7 through the research of the divine kingship in the Ancient Near East and the royal components of Melchizedek in Genesis 14, Psalm 110, and the Second Temple writings. The images of divine kingship in the Ancient Near East continue in Psalm 110 and Hebrews 7. There is not only the priestly but also the royal image of Melchizedek in Genesis 14, Psalm 110, and the Second Temple writings. Based on the research, the royal components of Melchizedek in Hebrews 7 can be drawn. It is evident that the author of Hebrews focused on the superior priesthood of Christ by using Melchizedek as a model for Christ in Hebrews 7. As the priesthood of Melchizedek is a royal priesthood, the priesthood of Christ is also a royal priesthood. Therefore, the royal priesthood should not be neglected in Hebrews 7.
Overview
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TL;DR
The paper argues that Melchizedek in Hebrews 7 has often been read only as a priest, but royal components from Ancient Near Eastern divine kingship, Genesis 14, Psalm 110, and Second Temple writings show that his priesthood is a royal priesthood. It concludes that Christ’s priesthood in Hebrews is therefore also a royal priesthood and should not be neglected in Hebrews 7.
Key findings
- In Hebrews 7:1-3, the author finds “many more royal components” than priestly components, including *basileus Salēm*, the translation of Melchizedek as “righteous king” and Salem as “peace,” “without father without mother,” and “son of God.”
- Genesis 14 is presented as a kingship-focused chapter: “king” appears 27 times in the MT and 28 times in the LXX, compared with 41 times in the MT and 45 times in the LXX in Genesis, and 101 times in the MT and 103 times in the LXX in the entire Pentateuch.
- Psalm 110 is read as a royal psalm; the LXX reading of Psalm 109:3 reinforces kingship through *meta sou hē archē* (“With you is dominion”) and *exegennēsa se* (“I have begotten you”), indicating authority and divine sonship.
- Second Temple writings also show royal components: Philo calls Melchizedek “high priest” but also depicts him as an ideal king; Josephus calls him “righteous king”; 11QMelchizedek presents him as a heavenly figure who defeats Belial; 2 Enoch calls him “the first priest and king in the city Salim.”
Methods
- This is a textual-exegetical study of divine kingship in the Ancient Near East and of Melchizedek traditions in Genesis 14, Psalm 110, Second Temple writings (Philo, Josephus, Qumran texts, Pseudepigrapha), and Hebrews 7 and the broader letter to the Hebrews.
- The paper uses structural analysis of Genesis 14:17-24 and Hebrews 7:1-3, lexical and translation comparison between MT and LXX (especially Psalm 110:3 and *kata tēn taxin*), and engagement with secondary scholarship.
- No empirical sample or quantitative analysis is used; the argument is based on literary, historical, and exegetical comparison of texts.
Limitations
- The paper states that it will not discuss the debated literary integrity of Genesis 14:18-20 and will discuss the passage “based only on the final form of the text.”
- The paper states uncertainty about the original reading of Psalm 110:3 and says it is “not easy to determine whether the author of Hebrews depended on the Qumran writings”; it also notes that Melchizedek in the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha is often too briefly described and their dates too uncertain to establish a relationship with Hebrews.
- Evident from the text: the argument is interpretive and relies heavily on secondary scholarship, with several conclusions phrased as “can be assumed,” “likely,” or “not certain” rather than demonstrated.
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Claims the paper makes
84 Own interpretation · 51 Sources not found · 51 No basis given · 15 Not checked yet · 14 Own result
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the Lord conducts the war alone in verses 1-2 and 5-6.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In verses 17-24 as well, Melchizedek contrasts with the king of Sodom.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > A verses 18-19a Melchizedek gives Abram bread and wine X verses 19b-20a Melchizedek blesses Abram (poetry) A' verse 20b Abram gives Melchizedek a tithe
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many Hebrew manuscripts and the Syriac support this reading of the LXX.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The king in Psalm 110 is a priest as well, according to Psalms 110:4.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Psalms 110:4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the Second Temple writings, I found components of the kingship of Melchizedek.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Melchizedek is very briefly described only as a high priest.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Hebrews 7:1b-3b, many more royal components can be found compared to priestly components.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We should pay attention to the fact that, while”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The law of tithing does not appear in Genesis 14:18-20.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Qumran 11QMelchizedek (11Q13)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The law of tithing (13:25b-27) appears between Lot's being taken captive (13:23-25a) and the encounter between Abram and the king of Sodom (13:28-29).”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Qumran 11QMelchizedek (11Q13)
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Not only is this the chapter in which “king” appears for the first time, but also it is the chapter in which this word appears the most number of times within the Pentateuch.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > A verses 18-19a Melchizedek gives Abram bread and wine X verses 19b-20a Melchizedek blesses Abram (poetry) A' verse 20b Abram gives Melchizedek a tithe
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hebrews never uses “king” to describe Jesus, thus the motif of the kingship of Jesus has often been overlooked.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, not only is Melchizedek a priest, but also a king.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > A verses 18-19a Melchizedek gives Abram bread and wine X verses 19b-20a Melchizedek blesses Abram (poetry) A' verse 20b Abram gives Melchizedek a tithe
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Psalms 110:4, Yahweh has sworn an oath.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“It is true that only the verbal connections are “priest” and “Melchizedek”.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Connections between Genesis 14 and Psalm 110
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the MT and the LXX, “king” (ml and basileōs) is used for the first time within the Pentateuch in Genesis 14, where it appears 27 times in the MT and 28 times in the LXX 26 .”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > A verses 18-19a Melchizedek gives Abram bread and wine X verses 19b-20a Melchizedek blesses Abram (poetry) A' verse 20b Abram gives Melchizedek a tithe
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The structure of the second part (verses 17-24) is inclusio.The interaction between Abram and Melchizedek is centered, and the confrontation between Abram and the king of Sodom functions as a bracket.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Genesis 14
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the other kings fought each other, Melchizedek is a king of peace and a righteous one.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > A verses 18-19a Melchizedek gives Abram bread and wine X verses 19b-20a Melchizedek blesses Abram (poetry) A' verse 20b Abram gives Melchizedek a tithe
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this sense and from the context, although it is true that Psalms 110:4 is about the eternal priest, it can be understood in light of the concept of royal priesthood.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The king will judge the nations and crush the rulers of the whole earth (verse 6).”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Psalms 110:3 has several textual issues.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The components of kingship are also found in Psalms 110:5-7.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of course, the term “king” is not mentioned anywhere in Psalm 110.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The character of Melchizedek as the priest of God is easily identified here.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > A verses 18-19a Melchizedek gives Abram bread and wine X verses 19b-20a Melchizedek blesses Abram (poetry) A' verse 20b Abram gives Melchizedek a tithe
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most English versions translate taxin as “order” (ASV, ESV, KJV, NASB, NIV, RSV).”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“We do not know exactly which reading is the original.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
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In the paper
“The structure of verses 18-20 is also framed by an inclusion.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > A verses 18-19a Melchizedek gives Abram bread and wine X verses 19b-20a Melchizedek blesses Abram (poetry) A' verse 20b Abram gives Melchizedek a tithe
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As Melchizedek gives Abram bread and wine in verses 18-19a, Abram gives Melchizedek a tithe in verse 20b.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > A verses 18-19a Melchizedek gives Abram bread and wine X verses 19b-20a Melchizedek blesses Abram (poetry) A' verse 20b Abram gives Melchizedek a tithe
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Melchizedek is mentioned only in Genesis 14:18-20 and Psalms 110:4 in the Old Testament and in Hebrews 5:6-7, 6:20 and 7 in the New Testa-”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Introduction
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Considering that in Genesis it occurs 41 times in the MT and 45 times in the LXX, and in the entire Pentateuch 101 times in the MT and 103 times in the LXX, the frequency of “king” in Genesis 14 is surprising.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > A verses 18-19a Melchizedek gives Abram bread and wine X verses 19b-20a Melchizedek blesses Abram (poetry) A' verse 20b Abram gives Melchizedek a tithe
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In the paper
“The “scepter from Zion” and “rule” (Psalms 110:2) are also images of kingship.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
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In the paper
“The MT is as follows:”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
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In the paper
“We can see the combined character in Hebrews 10:12-13 as well.Its context is about Christ's sacrifice once for all.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
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In the paper
“As Moses was faithful in all God's house, Christ was also.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Additional information
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Even though the priest Nir, the son of Lamech, did not sleep with his wife, Sopanim, she conceived and gave a birth to a son (71:2).”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Praeparatio Evangelica 9.17.4-6 (Pseudo-Eupolemus) 68
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In the paper
“This passage deals with the account of Genesis 14.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Qumran 11QMelchizedek (11Q13)
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In the paper
“From fifteen fragments, three columns of the text were reconstructed.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Qumran 11QMelchizedek (11Q13)
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In the paper
“Hebrews 3:1-6 offers a comparison of Moses and Christ.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Additional information
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The author of Hebrews concludes the paragraph about Christ as the high priest in Hebrews 5:10.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The date of 2 Enoch is uncertain.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Praeparatio Evangelica 9.17.4-6 (Pseudo-Eupolemus) 68
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is interesting to note that, although Melchizedek is not called “high priest” but just “priest” in Genesis 14, Philo called him “high priest” in Allegorical Interpretation III.79.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > In Philo's works, Melchizedek is mentioned in Allegorical Interpretation III.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Hebrews 7:1b, basileus Salēm is a clearly royal component.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The badge of priesthood was on his chest, and Nir and his brother, Noe, called his name Melkisedek (71:21).”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Praeparatio Evangelica 9.17.4-6 (Pseudo-Eupolemus) 68
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The order of the description in Jubilees 13:22-27 is similar to that of Genesis 14, yet there is no mention of Melchizedek.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Qumran 11QMelchizedek (11Q13)
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Hebrews 1:3, the Son had made purification for sins, and had sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The author of Hebrews also says clearly in verse 6;”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 12:63, God is described as “the one who appointed Melchizedek a high priest in [his] service”.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this paragraph, the title of Christ begins with”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
““Melkisedek will be the head of the 13 priests who existed before”, and, “in the last generation, there will be another Melkisedek, the first of 12 priests” (71:33-34).”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Praeparatio Evangelica 9.17.4-6 (Pseudo-Eupolemus) 68
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“When she died, the son came out of her womb, and he was like a three-year-old (71:18).”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Praeparatio Evangelica 9.17.4-6 (Pseudo-Eupolemus) 68
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Hebrews 7:2b-c, the author of Hebrews translates the name Melchizedek as”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Melchizedek is described to be the ruler of the city and the priest of God.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Praeparatio Evangelica 9.17.4-6 (Pseudo-Eupolemus) 68
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, it is difficult to investigate his character in the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha in relationship to Hebrews.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In On Mating with the Preliminary Studies 99, while Philo speaks of a tenth, Melchizedek was described as “a self-instructed and self-taught priesthood”.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > In Philo's works, Melchizedek is mentioned in Allegorical Interpretation III.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
““When the child had been 40 days in Nir's tent” (72:1), God sent the archangel, Michael, to place Melkisedek “in the paradise of Edem” (72:5) before the Flood.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Praeparatio Evangelica 9.17.4-6 (Pseudo-Eupolemus) 68
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a matter of fact, the relationship between 11QMelchizedek and Hebrews has long been debated.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Qumran 11QMelchizedek (11Q13)
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 4:14, Christ is described not only as great high priest but also as the Son of God.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From these similarities and differences, it is not easy to determine whether the author of Hebrews depended on the Qumran writings.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Qumran 11QMelchizedek (11Q13)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This other “Melkisedek will be the first priest and king in the city Salim in the style of [that] Melkisedek, the originator of the priests” (72:6).”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Praeparatio Evangelica 9.17.4-6 (Pseudo-Eupolemus) 68
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The royal components of Melchizedek can be found first in Hebrews 7:1-3.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“According to this passage, Abraham rescued his nephew, who was taken captive by the Armenians, and “took as captives the children and women of the enemy”.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Praeparatio Evangelica 9.17.4-6 (Pseudo-Eupolemus) 68
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“2 Enoch deals with the events from the life of Enoch up to the Flood.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Praeparatio Evangelica 9.17.4-6 (Pseudo-Eupolemus) 68
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He will win the war against Belial, and will set the captives free from the hand of Belial.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Qumran 11QMelchizedek (11Q13)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mentions of Melchizedek in most of the writings are too brief, and although the discussion of Melchizedek in 2 Enoch is abundant, it is not easy to determine the relationship between 2 Enoch and Hebrews due to its uncertain and complicated date.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
““Abraham was treated as a guest by the city in the temple Argarizin, which means 'mountain of the Most High',” and “received gifts from Melchizedek, its ruler and priest of God”.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Praeparatio Evangelica 9.17.4-6 (Pseudo-Eupolemus) 68
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“According to the Jubilees passage, “the Lord ordained [the tithe] as an ordinance forever that they should give it to the priests” (13:25).”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Qumran 11QMelchizedek (11Q13)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the sacrifice by law should be offered again and again and”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In Hebrews 5:6, 7:17, and 7:21, Psalms 110:4 is quoted.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Psalms 110:4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“11QMelchizedek was discovered in 1956.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Qumran 11QMelchizedek (11Q13)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The story of Melchizedek begins in chapter 71.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Praeparatio Evangelica 9.17.4-6 (Pseudo-Eupolemus) 68
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“hagios is used for the sanctuary (Hebrews 8:2; 9:1; 10:19; 9:2, 8, 12, 24, 25; 13:11), and skēnē for the tabernacle (Hebrews 8:2, 5; 9:2, 3, 6-9, 11, 21).”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 10:21, Christ is described as”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
““In the cult, the king functions as high priest in the cult par excellence”.13”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Engnell, Divine Kingship, 5
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Israelite kings did not undertake regular priestly acts such as offering sacrifices; when the Old Testament refers to kings offering sacrifices, usually it likely denotes their bringing sacrifices that the priests actually offered…”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Goldingay, Psalms, 291
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Davidic covenant is the promise of God regarding the eternity of the Davidic kingship.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“The king's identity as connected with god caused his significant role in the cult.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Engnell, Divine Kingship, 5
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this sense and from the context, although it is true that Psalms 110:4 is about the eternal priest, it can be understood in light of the concept of royal priesthood.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Second, “In both texts, the priestly character of Melchizedek is closely connected (at least in their present form) with YHWH”.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Connections between Genesis 14 and Psalm 110
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Xeravits
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“In Hittite culture, the king as the high priest 16 maintained the cult and appointed the priests.17”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gurney, Some Aspects of Hittite Religion, 1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Engnell, Divine Kingship, 62
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From this structure, the blessing of Melchizedek upon Abram becomes the crucial part of Genesis 14.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > A verses 18-19a Melchizedek gives Abram bread and wine X verses 19b-20a Melchizedek blesses Abram (poetry) A' verse 20b Abram gives Melchizedek a tithe
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the kingship motif can be found throughout Hebrews, even with Melchizedek.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Introduction
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Thus he was called “the good shepherd” by his country, “a father” by the widow and the orphan, and “a refuge” by the homeless.22”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Engnell, Divine Kingship, 12
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Third, “Both texts contain-at least implicit-allusions to the kingship of Melchizedek”.48”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Connections between Genesis 14 and Psalm 110
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Xeravits
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Israel's kings could be involved in worship (2 Samuel 6:14-18; 1 Kgs.3:3-4; 8:22, 54-55), but attempts by kings to perform priestly functions could be punished (1 Samuel 13:2-10; 2 Chronicles 26:16-21).”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites 2 Samuel 6:14-18
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites 1 Kgs.3:3-4; 8:22, 54-55
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites 1 Samuel 13:2-10; 2 Chronicles 26:16-21
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is evident that the author of Hebrews focused on the superior priesthood of Christ by using Melchizedek as a model for Christ in Hebrews 7.”
- Also stated in: § Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74 · boosted
“It is evident that the author of Hebrews focused on the superior priesthood of Christ by using Melchizedek as a model for Christ in Hebrews 7.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Abstract
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74 · boosted
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, I will investigate the ways in which the combined character of the priest and the king can be found throughout the Hebrews.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Introduction
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It will reinforce that the author of the Hebrews was keeping in mind that Christ is not only a priest, but also a king and that his priesthood is a royal priesthood.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, considering the people and the youth to be the troops is not appropriate for the context of this psalm.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“while in Babylon the king's ritual function related mainly to the temple-building and the enthronement festival.15”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Engnell, Divine Kingship, 32
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“meta sou (“with you”) and exegennēsa se (“I have begotten you”) are more appropriate.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“According to him, the Egyptian king was considered the divine son.32”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Keel, The Symbolism of the Biblical World, 253
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“According to him, in ancient Egypt 6 and Babylon 7 kings had a divine origin.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Engnell, Divine Kingship, 4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Engnell, Divine Kingship, 16
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In Babylon, the king was described as a victorious warrior who defeated the enemies.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Engnell, Divine Kingship, 12
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Divine sonship was also a common aspect of divine kingship in the Ancient Near East, as shown above.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Similar to the third connection, F. M. Cross states, “Both Genesis 14 and Psalm 110 are rooted in the royal ideology not in the priestly”.49”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Connections between Genesis 14 and Psalm 110
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites F. M. Cross
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As the priesthood of Melchizedek is a royal priesthood, the priesthood of Christ is also a royal priesthood.”
- Also stated in: § Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74 · plain
“As the priesthood of Melchizedek is a royal priesthood, the priesthood of Christ is also a royal priesthood.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Abstract
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74 · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The imagery of these verses is of the victorious king as a warrior.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“that the author of Hebrews chose Melchizedek in Hebrews 7 because of his royal priesthood.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Introduction
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In Babylon the king was also identical with “the deity of vegetation”.12”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Engnell, Divine Kingship, 30
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Thus, Rooke considers royal priesthood in Israel not as a functional role, but as an ontological role.38”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Rooke, "Kingship as Priesthood", 187-208
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As shown above, the image of the victorious king as a warrior is common in the divine kingship in the Ancient Near East.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“David Toshio Tsumura reveals that the king in Ancient Ugarit played sacral roles in “the monthly dynastic rituals”, “the royal funerary ritual”, and “the national fertility cult”.18”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Tsumura, "King and Cults in Ancient Ugarit", 216
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The translation as “order” conveys a sense of “succession”.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“First, he says, “Both passages have an orientation towards Jerusalem”.47”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Connections between Genesis 14 and Psalm 110
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Xeravits
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Horton points out that, even though Jethro was not only a priest but also without father or mother and without a genealogy, like Melchizedek, the reason the author of Hebrews selected Melchizedek to be the model was because “Melchizedek is the first priest mentioned in the Torah”.76”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Horton
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There can be seen not only the character of the priest but also of the king.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Additional information
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even though Melchizedek was described as priest rather than king in the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, it is hard to determine the relationship between these writings and Hebrews because their descriptions of Melchizedek are too brief and their dates are uncertain.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“According to Josephus, Melchizedek was the first priest of God, and the name Melchizedek means “righteous king”.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > In Philo's works, Melchizedek is mentioned in Allegorical Interpretation III.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Josephus, The Wars of the Jews VI. 438
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Christ is defined as a high priest forever according to the character of Melchizedek.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, with the priesthood of Melchizedek considered a royal priesthood, the royal priesthood of Christ should not be neglected in Hebrews 7.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If the house is the tabernacle, it could connect with the priest, but the house as the community reinforces the Son as the king who rules over the people of God.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From the reference to the Day of Atonement as the year of grace of Melchizedek, the relationship between the atonement and Melchizedek as a priest can be assumed.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Qumran 11QMelchizedek (11Q13)
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As shown above, the divine king was called”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is another example for the royal priesthood of Christ.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The purification for sins indicates the role of the priest.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Additional information
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While chapter 7 focuses on the royal priesthood of Christ, chapters 8-9 focus on the sacrifice and heavenly sanctuary of Christ.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Psalms 2:7 is more likely about the character of the king, and Psalms 110:4 includes both characters as shown above.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Psalms 2:7
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Psalms 110:4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Because the king was of divine origin from birth in the Ancient Near East, he was considered to be”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From the study of divine kingship in the Ancient Near East, I discovered that the images of divine kingship in the Ancient Near East continue in Psalm 110 and Hebrews 7:”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The author of Hebrews was aware of and intended to evoke Ancient Near Eastern divine kingship traditions when describing Melchizedek.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“That is, Hebrews 8:1-2 functions not only as a summary of the previous argument, but also as an introduction of the next section.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Additional information
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ellingworth
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Guthrie
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The expression”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plainstates an association- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As shown above, kata tēn taxin should be translated as”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From this, the royal priesthood of Christ can also be seen.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Additional information
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Sitting the right hand of the Majesty on high alludes to Psalms 110:1 95 and indicates the Son as the king as shown above.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Additional information
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Psalms 110:1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The royal priesthood of Christ can also be seen in that the character of priest and king has been combined into Christ throughout Hebrews (Hebrews 1:3; 3:1-6; 4:14; 5:5-6; 10:12-13, 21).”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the direct reference indicates that Christ is the high priest, the high priest is also the king according to the quotation.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus Christ in Hebrews 5:5-6 has not only the characteristics of the priest but also those of the king.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This victory is reminiscent of the king's victory in Psalm 110.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Qumran 11QMelchizedek (11Q13)
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To sum up the Qumran writings, Melchizedek is described not only as a priest but also as a warrior or king.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Qumran 11QMelchizedek (11Q13)
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They are also very important characteristics of the divine kings in the Ancient Near East, as shown above.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To sum it up, the author of Hebrews describes Christ not only as a priest but also as a king throughout Hebrews.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Summing up the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, the description of Melchizedek is centered on his being a priest rather than a king, even though he is described as a ruler in Praeparatio Evangelica and as a king in 2 Enoch.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The character indicates the royal priesthood of Melchizedek.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even though he is called neither a king nor a priest in the extant text, his role can be assumed from the context.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Qumran 11QMelchizedek (11Q13)
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hebrews 8:1-2 functions as a transition from Hebrews 7 to Hebrews 8-9.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 2 Enoch, Melchizedek is described not only as the first priest, but also as king in the city Salim, which probably corresponds to Salem in Genesis 14:18, but the dominant description is closer to that of priest rather than that of king.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Praeparatio Evangelica 9.17.4-6 (Pseudo-Eupolemus) 68
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers dates from approximately AD 150 to AD 300.75”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Charlesworth, The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, 2:?
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Hebrews 7:3b, Melchizedek is like the”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From the fact that the author intentionally omits”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The author of Hebrews intentionally omitted 'high priest' in Hebrews 7:28b and chose '[God's] Son' to signal kingship.
In the paper
“The Book of Jubilees is dated to about the second century BC. 67”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Qumran 11QMelchizedek (11Q13)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Charlesworth, The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, 2:44
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The sentence, apo tēs kopēs tōn basileōn (”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers 12:63 74
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The royal component of Melchizedek in Hebrews 7 has often been disregarded.
“The royal component of Melchizedek in Hebrews 7 has often been disregarded.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The author of Hebrews depended on the LXX rather than on the MT.
“Even if the reading of the LXX might not be the original, we should focus on the LXX because the author of Hebrews depended on the LXX rather than on the MT.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The author of Hebrews knew of the idea of Melchizedek in the Qumran community and kept it in mind when he was writing.
“Even though it is not easy to determine the dependence of Hebrews on 11QMelchizedek, we can assume at least that the author of Hebrews knew of the idea of Melchizedek in the Qumran community and kept it in mind when he was writing.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Melchizedek means 'righteous king' or 'my king is righteous'.
“Melchizedek means “righteous king” or “my king is righteous”.”
The paper relies on this without support.
One's name indicates often one's character in the Ancient Near East texts.
“One's name indicates often one's character in the Ancient Near East texts.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The line of the kingship of David came from the tribe of Judah.
“The line of the kingship of David came from the tribe of Judah.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The author of Hebrews intentionally omitted 'high priest' in Hebrews 7:28b and chose '[God's] Son' to signal kingship.
“From the fact that the author intentionally omits”
The paper relies on this without support.
The author of Hebrews was aware of and intended to evoke Ancient Near Eastern divine kingship traditions when describing Melchizedek.
“From the study of divine kingship in the Ancient Near East, I discovered that the images of divine kingship in the Ancient Near East continue in Psalm 110 and Hebrews 7:”
The paper relies on this without support.
The context of Genesis 14 and Psalm 110 is the relevant interpretive context for understanding Hebrews 7.
“Based on research of the context of Genesis 14 and Psalm 110, which focus on the priestly kingship, I suggested that when the author of Hebrews quotes from Genesis 14 and Psalm 110 about Melchizedek, the passages in Hebrews should be understood in light of the context of the source passages.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > References
“1. Rooke, "Kingship as Priesthood", 86.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > References
“Rooke, Deborah. W. "Kingship as Priesthood: The Relationship between the High Priesthood and the Monarchy". King and Messiah in Israel and the Ancient Near East. Edited by John Day, 187-208. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > Psalm 110
“M. C. Astour, "Melchizedek", ed. by David Noel Freedman, The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 4 (New York, NY: Doubleday, 1992), 684-686.”
§ THE ROYAL COMPONENTS OF MELCHIZEDEK IN HEBREWS 7 > References
“Astour, M. C. "Melchizedek". The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Edited by David Noel Freedman. Volume 5. New York, NY: Doubleday, 1992.”
Citations
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Melchizedek From Genesis To the Qumran Texts and the Epistle To the Hebrews
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INTRODUCTION: POSITIVE ESCHATOLOGICAL PROTAGONISTS IN THE QUMRAN LIBRARY
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Research works printed but not linked: 17
- Florentino Garcia Martinez and Eilbert J. C. Tigchelaar (eds.), The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition, vol. 1 (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1997), 47. 63 Ibid., 2:811.
- Joseph A. Fitzmyer, "'Now this Melchizedek…' (Hebrews 7:1)", Catholic Biblical Quarter- ly 25.3 (1963): 316; Bruce, the Hebrews, 137-138;
- Bird, Chad L. "Typological Interpretation within the Old Testament: Melchizedekian Typology". Concordia Journal 26 (2000): 36-52.
- De Jonge, M. and A. S. Van der Woude. "11QMelchizedek and the New Testament". New Testament Studies 12 (1966): 301-326.
- Fitzmyer, Joseph A. "'Now this Melchizedek…' (Hebrews 7:1)". Catholic Bib- lical Quarterly 25.3 (1963): 305-321.
- Kobelski, Paul J. Melchizedek and Melchireša'. Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series, 10. Washington, DC: Catholic Biblical Association of America, 1981.
- Luria, Ben Zion. "Melchizedek, King of Salem, Priest of El Elyon". Beit Mikra 32 (1986): 1-3.
- Mason, Eric F. "Hebrews 7:3 and the Relationship between Melchizedek and Jesus". Biblical Research 50 (2005): 41-62.
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- Von Rad, Gerhard. Genesis. A Commentary. Revised edition. Philadelphia, PA: The Westminster Press, 1972.
- Yadin, Yigael. "A Note on Melchizedek and Qumran". Israel Exploration Journal 15 (1965): 152-154.
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Cited by
Still being checked.
Metadata
- Authors
- Kang, D.-I.
- Affiliations
- Gateway Seminary (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kang, Dae-I
- Venue
- Perichoresis
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 95-124
- ISSN
- 1224-984X (ISSN-L)
- 2284-7308
- OpenAlex
- W2035762634
- Cited by
- 0
- References
- 57
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Perichoresis (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Biblical Studies and Interpretation
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Karl Barth and Christian Theology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Reformation and Early Modern Christianity
- Keywords
- Melchizedek, royal priesthood, divine kingship, ancient Near East, Psalm 110, Genesis 14, Christology, priesthood of Christ, royal image
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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