Establishment of normative data for stretched penile length in Turkish preterm and term newborns
Open accessAbstract
The aim of this study was to establish a normal range of preterm and term stretched penile length based on their gestational age and anthropometric parameters at birth. A total of 585 infants; 336 (57.43%) preterm and 249 (42.57%) term male infants born between August 2015 and September 2016 with gestational age between 26 and 41 weeks were included in our study. Stretched penile length was measured from the pubic ramus to the tip of the glans. Gestational age, stretched penile length and anthropometric parameters at birth (weight, length and head circumference) were recorded within the first three days of life. Variations of stretched penile length in relation to gestational age and anthropometric parameters were evaluated using multiple linear regression models. The mean stretched penile length ± SD of preterm and term neonates were 2.5±0.565 cm and 3.2±0.551cm, respectively. In all infants, stretched penile length was significantly affected by gestational age and birth length (OR: 0.079, 95% CI 0.059-0.098, p=0.0001, OR:0.022, 95% CI 0.007-0.037, p=0.005, respectively). In term infants, stretched penile length was significantly affected by gestational age (OR: 0.139, 95% CI 0.082-0.196, p=0.0001) and in preterm infants, gestational age and birth length significantly infleuenced the stretched penile length (OR: 0.090, 95% CI 0.065-0.0115, p=0.0001, OR:0.024, 95% CI 0.009-0.039, p=0.002, respectively). This study provides reference values of stretched penile length for term and viable preterm Turkish infants.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Regional studies established that their datasets varied across different racial and ethnical groups.
“These regional studies established that their datasets varied across different racial and ethnical groups [12, 13].”
From Stretched Penile Length and Penile Circumference in Pediatric Population of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Single-Center Study (2026) · cites this paper as [12]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Çamurdan, A. D., Öz, M. Ö., İlhan, M. N., Çamurdan, O. M., Şahin, F., & Beyazova, U. (2007) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2007.04.051 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Penile anthropometry of normal prepubertal boys in Turkey
Cinaz, P., Yeşilkaya, E., Onganlar, Y. H., Boyraz, M., Bideci, A., Çamurdan, O., & Karaoğlu, A. B. (2012) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02386.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Penile anthropometry in North Indian children
Bhat, A., Upadhyay, R., Bhat, M., Sabharwal, K., Singla, M., & Kumar, V. (2015) · Indian Journal of Urology · doi:10.4103/0970-1591.152917 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 13
- Matsuo N, Ishii T, Takayama JI, Miwa M, Hasegawa T. Reference Standard of penile size and prevalence of buried penis in Japanese newborn male infants. Endocr J 2014; 61: 849-853.
- Alaee E, Gharib MJ, Fouladinejad M. Penile length and anogenital distance in male newborns from different Iranian ethnicities ingolestan province. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2014; 25: 1-4
- Park JY, Lim G, Oh KW et al. Penile length, digit length, and anogenital distance according to birth weight in newborn male infants. Korean J Urol 2015; 56: 248-253.
- El Kholy M, Hamza RT, Saleh M, Elsedfy H. Penile length and genital anomalies in Egyptian male newborns: epidemiology and influence of endocrine disruptors. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2013; 26: 509- 513.
- Kutlu AO. Normative data for penile length in Turkish newborns. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2010; 2: 107- 110.
- Akin Y, Ercan O, Telatar B, Tarhan F. Penile size in term newborn infants. Turk J Pediatr 2011; 53: 301- 307.
- Ballard JL, Khoury JC, Wedig K, Wang L, Eilers- Walsman BL, Lipp R. New Ballard Score, expanded to include extremely premature infants. J Pediatr 1991; 119: 417-423.
- Cole TJ, Green PJ. Smoothing reference centile curves: The LMS method and Penalized Likelihood. Stat Med 1992; 11: 1305-1319.
- Kulkarni ML, Rajendran NK. Normal values for penile standards in newborns. Indian Pediatr 1991; 28: 1341- 1343.
- Vasudevan G, Manivarmane B, Bhat BV, Bhatia BD, Kumar S. Genital standards for south Indian male newborns. Indian J Pediatr 1995; 62: 593-596.
- Sutan-Assin M, Rukman J, Dahlan A. Penis dimensions of newborn infants. Paediatr Indones 1989; 29: 146-150.
- Hatipoğlu N, Kurtoğlu S. Micropenis: etiology, diagnosis and treatment approaches. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2013; 5: 217-223.
- Cimador M, Catalano P, Ortolano R, Giuffrè M. The inconspicuous penis in children. Nat Rev Urol 2015; 12: 205-215.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mostafaei, H., Mori, K., Atayama, S., Quhal, F., Pradere, B., Yanagisawa, T., Laukhtina, E., König, F., Motlagh, R. S., Rajwa, P., et al. (2025) · Urology Research and Practice · doi:10.5152/tud.2025.24038 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Shahzad, B., Fatima, B., Bashir, M. K., Waheed, M. R., Zafar, Z., & Zaidi, S. S. H. (2026) · National Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.21089/njhs.112.0084
- Authors
- Halil, H., & Oğuz, Ş. S.
- Affiliations
- Zekai Tahir Burak Kadın Sağlığı Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi (TR)
- Corresponding author
- Halil, Halit
- Venue
- The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics
- Published
- 2017-06-28
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 269-273
- ISSN
- 0041-4301 (ISSN-L)
- 2791-6421
- OpenAlex
- W2791248226
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 1.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urological Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Genital Health and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
- Keywords
- stretched penile length, reference values, preterm infants, term infants, gestational age, birth length, neonatal anthropometry, male infants, head circumference, birth weight, neonatal head circumference
- MeSH terms
- Anthropometry, Birth Weight, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Male, Penis, Reference Values, Turkey
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
