Spacecraft and Constellation Design for a Continuous Responsive Imaging System in Space
Abstract
Natural disasters and military conflicts have demonstrated the ongoing need for high resolution imagery with nearly continuous coverage on short notice. Current satellite systems do not meet this need because they suffer from low resolution (high altitude orbits and/or small optics) or intermittent coverage (low orbits). The Continuous Responsive Imaging System in Space (CRISIS) optimizes the trade between resolution and coverage by utilizing a constellation of small, inexpensive, rapidly deployable Earth observation satellites. Initial mission analysis has demonstrated that a constellation of eight satellites at 600 km altitude evenly distributed throughout two perpendicular planes can satisfy resolution and responsiveness requirements simultaneously. Total development cost for the entire system is comparable to that of a single traditional commercial Earth-observing satellite and the individual CRISIS spacecraft are within the mass and volume limits of low-cost launch vehicles such as the Pegasus XL or Falcon 1e. This configuration was selected from a trade space of 1350 different architectures using a parameterized model implemented in Matlab and Satellite Toolkit.
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When the observation payload is oriented at the edge of its field of regard, tilted with an off-nadir angle η, retaining the same resolution requires a larger aperture than the nadir case.
“When the observation payload is oriented at the edge of its field of regard, tilted with an off-nadir angle η, the satellite-to-ground distance increases to Rs = h/cos(η). Retaining the same resolution therefore requires a larger aperture than the nadir case, which can be calculated by replacing h with Rs in Equation (6) [49]:”
From Optimization of Reconfigurable Satellite Constellations Using Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm (2019) · cites this paper as [49]
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Paek, S. W., Kim, S., & de Weck, O. (2019) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s19040765 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Satellite Constellation Design Algorithm for Remote Sensing of Diurnal Cycles Phenomena
Paek, S. W., Kronig, L. G., Ivanov, A. B., & de Weck, O. L. (2018) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2018.07.012 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
- Authors
- Krueger, J., Selva, D., Smith, M., & Keesee, J.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- ORCID
- Smith, Matthew
- Venue
- AIAA SPACE 2009 Conference & Exposition
- Published
- 2009-06-14
- OpenAlex
- W2321775978
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- AIAA SPACE Conference & Exposition (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Spacecraft Dynamics and Control
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Space Satellite Systems and Control
- Keywords
- crisis, constellation design, Earth observation satellites, high-resolution imagery, continuous coverage, low-cost launch vehicles, spacecraft design, mission analysis
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