The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Use of a β-Agonist to Alter Fat and Muscle Deposition in Steers1
Abstract
The effect of a β-agonist, clenbuterol [benzyl alcohol, 4-amino-α-(t-butylamino)methyl-3, 5-dichloro] on carcass composition, performance criteria and clinical blood chemistry was evaluated in 24 finishing Hereford steers assigned to three treatment groups. Clenbuterol was administered in the feed at 0, 10 or 500 mg•head−1•d−1 for 98 d. Carcass evaluation showed that the 10 and 500 mg•head−1•d−1 treatment groups had 11 (P≤.05) and 16% (P≤.01) larger 12th rib longissimus muscle areas, 35 (P≤.01) and 42% (P≤.01) less 12th rib fat depths, 23 (P≤.05) and 33% (P≤.01) less kidney, pelvic and heart fat and improved USDA yield grades of 1.0 and 1.5 grade points, respectively. Chemical analysis of the 9th to 11th rib section from these carcasses indicated that they had 13 (P≤.01) and 14% (P≤.01) higher protein contents, 20 (P≤.01) and 30% (P≤.01) less fat and 10 (P≤.05) and 16% (P≤.01) more water, respectively. Clinical chemistry measurements were within normal physiological ranges. Blood urea N levels (mg/dl) for the 0, 10 and 500 mg clen-buterol•head−1•d−1 were 9.6, 8.5 and 5.9 (P≤.01), respectively, indicating that clenbuterol may have increased N retention. Rate of gain was not altered at 10 mg•head−1•d−1, but was reduced (P≤.05) by the high drug level. There were no differences among treatments in feed efficiency. The data demonstrate that significant improvements in muscle accretion with concomitant reductions in fat deposition can be achieved by feeding clenbuterol to finishing steers.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, some repartitioning treatments such as β-adrenergic agonists act on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue at the same time.”
From Effects of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy on Fat Mass and Glucose Homeostasis in Humans and Animals: A Narrative Review with Systematic Literature Search (2025) · cites this paper as [170]
In the citing paper
“A key example is β-adrenergic agonists, which stimulate skeletal muscle hypertrophy and adipose lipolysis by acting on adrenergic receptors expressed by both tissues [170, 183].”
From Effects of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy on Fat Mass and Glucose Homeostasis in Humans and Animals: A Narrative Review with Systematic Literature Search (2025) · cites this paper as [170]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–293 of 293
Effects of β2-adrenoceptor agonists on gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) cultured muscle cells
Vélez, E. J., Balbuena-Pecino, S., Capilla, E., Navarro, I., Gutiérrez, J., & Riera‐Codina, M. (2018) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.10.015 · Cited by 6
Sensory Characteristics of Meat from Animals Given Partitioning Agents
MCKEITH, F. K., LAN, Y. H., & Beermann, D. H. (1994) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-091853-2.50018-4 · Cited by 6
Knych, H. K. D., Mitchell, M. M., Steinmetz, S. J., et al. (2013) · Equine Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1111/evj.12118 · Cited by 6
Eisemann, J. H., & Huntington, G. B. (1993) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Comparative Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0742-8413(93)90008-9 · Cited by 6
White, D. G., Rolph, T., & WAGSTAFF, A. J. (1989) · Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1989.tb00659.x · Cited by 6
Morton, R. H., Agbenyega, E. T., Hatton, P. A., et al. (1995) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00410196 · Cited by 6
Fiems, L. O., Boucqué, C. V., Brabander, D. L. D., & Cottyn, B. G. (1995) · Animal Science · doi:10.1017/s1357729800013473 · Cited by 6
Buntyn, J. O., Steffen, D. J., Sanchez, N. C. B., et al. (2017) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas2017.1913 · Cited by 5
Chou, H.-F., & Scanes, C. G. (1988) · Poultry Science · doi:10.3382/ps.0670470 · Cited by 6
The effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride and shade on blood metabolites of finishing beef steers1
Hales, K. E., Foote, A. P., Jones, S. A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas.2015-9967 · Cited by 5
Masoumi, R., Afsharirad, A.-R., Alamouti, H. M., et al. (2021) · Small Ruminant Research · doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106548 · Cited by 5
Chemical Contamination of Red Meat
Smith, D. J., & Kim, M. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100674-0.00018-7 · Cited by 7
Groof, J., Degroodt, J. M., Bukanski, B. W., et al. (1991) · European Food Research and Technology · doi:10.1007/bf01193361 · Cited by 5
The effects of adrenergic agonists and age on lipogenesis in avian hepatocytes
Harris, R. B. S., Neal, M. J., & Martin, R. J. (1988) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Comparative Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0742-8413(88)90081-3 · Cited by 5
Effect of Cimaterol implants on lamb growth and carcass traits
FENNESSY, P. F., McEwan, J. C., Lord, E. A., et al. (1990) · New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research · doi:10.1080/00288233.1990.10428438 · Cited by 5
Self-citationInsulin binding to mouse adipocytes exposed to clenbuterol and ractopamine in vitro and in vivo
Dubrovin, L. L., Liu, C. Y., & Mills, S. E. (1990) · Domestic Animal Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/0739-7240(90)90059-9 · Cited by 5
RECOMBINANT GENE TRANSFER IN ANIMALS: THE POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVING GROWTH IN LIVESTOCK
Wagner, T. E., & Jochle, W. (1986) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-407-00422-1.50024-7 · Cited by 5
Asthma and COPD: A Focus on β-Agonists – Past, Present and Future
Baker, J. G., & Shaw, D. E. (2023) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2023_679 · Cited by 4
Rodríguez-Gaxiola, M. A., Vara, I. A. D., Barajas-Cruz, R., et al. (2015) · Canadian Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.4141/cjas-2014-175 · Cited by 4
Harris, T. L., Smith, Z. K. F., Ribeiro, F. R. B., et al. (2020) · Open Journal of Animal Sciences · doi:10.4236/ojas.2020.103028 · Cited by 4
Evaluation of β2‐adrenergic agonists repartitioning effects in the rat by a non‐destructive method
Guggenbuhl, P. (1996) · Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0396.1996.tb00465.x · Cited by 4
Schaefer, A. L., Jones, S. D. M., TONG, A. K. W., et al. (1990) · Canadian Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.4141/cjas90-104 · Cited by 4
Immunological Reactions of Pigs during Long‐Term β‐Adrenergic Treatment*
Hirni, H., LAZARY, S., & Blum, J. (1990) · Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1990.tb00904.x · Cited by 4
Wilson, M. A., Zhong, C., Forsberg, N. E., et al. (1988) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/s0271-5317(05)80091-0 · Cited by 4
Self-citationMEETING THE NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF BEEF CATTLE IN FORAGE BASED SYSTEMS OF PRODUCTION
Beever, D. E., & Gill, M. (1987) · Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition · doi:10.1016/b978-0-407-01163-2.50016-3 · Cited by 4
Fernyhough, M. E., Helterline, D., VIERCK, J. L., Dodson, M. V., Bucci, L. R., & Feliciano, J. (2004) · Research in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1080/15438620490497323 · Cited by 3
The Effect of Clenbuterol on Growth Performance of Growing Male Pig
Dilaga, W. S. (2012) · International Journal of Science and Engineering (University of Diponegoro Semarang Central Java Indonesia) · doi:10.12777/ijse.3.1.36-39 · Cited by 3
β2-Adrenergic Agonist Administration and Strength Training
Caruso, J. F., McLagan, J. R., Olson, N. M., et al. (2009) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.3810/psm.2009.06.1711 · Cited by 3
Los agonistas adrenérgicos β2 y su influencia en el rendimiento físico
Drobnic, F. (1997) · Archivos de Bronconeumología · doi:10.1016/s0300-2896(15)30643-8 · Cited by 3
Forsberg, N. E., & Wehr, N. B. (1990) · Domestic Animal Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/0739-7240(90)90021-q · Cited by 3
Residues of clenbuterol in the eyes of therapeutically treated veal calves
Gleixner, A., & MEYER, H. H. D. (1995) · Food and Agricultural Immunology · doi:10.1080/09540109509354880 · Cited by 3
Choi, Y. J., Woo, J. H., & Han, I. K. (1992) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0955-2863(92)90061-m · Cited by 3
Abney, C. S. (2006) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University) · Cited by 3
Physiological and sensory characteristics of sheep expressing the callipyge phenotype
Kerth, C. R. (1995) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University) · Cited by 3
Pérez‐Llamas, F., López, J. A., & Zamora, S. (1992) · Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.3109/13813459209035255 · Cited by 3
Implications of biotechnologies for control of meat animal growth.
Dh, B. (1990) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 3
Parkins, J. J., Taylor, L. M., Reid, J., et al. (1989) · Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0396.1989.tb00841.x · Cited by 2
Electroanalysis, Electrodeposition and Electrochemical Characterization of Ractopamine
Li, Y., & Chen, S.-M. (2012) · International Journal of Electrochemical Science · doi:10.1016/s1452-3981(23)16187-6 · Cited by 2
Culp, K. C., Claeys, M. C., Lemenager, R. P., et al. (2013) · The Professional Animal Scientist · doi:10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30212-6 · Cited by 2
The International Olympic Committee and Doping Status of Antiasthma Drugs
Frumkin, L. R., & PRICE, J. M. (1996) · Pediatric Asthma Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1089/pai.1996.10.41 · Cited by 2
Payne, E., Cope, B. C., Hughes, J. M., et al. (1992) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Comparative Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0742-8413(92)90102-d · Cited by 2
Vestergaard, M., Sommer, M., Klastrup, S., & Sejrsen, K. (1993) · Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A – Animal Science · doi:10.1080/09064709309410172 · Cited by 2
Hormones Involved in Regulation of Muscle Differentiation and Growth
Goldspink, G., & Hansen, E. E. T. (1993) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-629055-4.50022-2 · Cited by 2
A comprehensive approach to describing protein turnover in lambs
Link, G. A. (1991) · doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-11457 · Cited by 2
DESEMPENHO, QUALIDADE DE CARNE E ESTRESSE DE SUÍNOS SUPLEMENTADOS COM RACTOPAMINA
Athayde, N. B. (2010) · Americanae (AECID Library) · Cited by 2
Biotechnological tools to enhance sustainable livestock production
Garg, M. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822265-2.00005-3 · Cited by 1
Carcass Characteristics of Growing Male Pig in Different Level of Clenbuterol Addition
Dilaga, W. S. (2013) · International Journal of Science and Engineering · doi:10.12777/ijse.5.2.47-50 · Cited by 1
Yang, L., Lin, H., Xi, Q., Ding, J., Liu, X., Shu, G., Jiang, Q.-Y., Wang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2012) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2012.09.008 · Cited by 1
Effects of Acute Salbutamol Intake During a Wingate Test
Shephard, R. J. (2006) · Yearbook of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0162-0908(08)70486-0 · Cited by 1
Bizec, B. L., Antignac, J., & Dervilly, G. (2008) · Comprehensive analytical chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0166-526x(08)00011-1 · Cited by 1
Influence of Dietary Supplements on Body Composition
Friedl, K. E. (2017) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781351260008-16 · Cited by 3
Sauerwein, H., RINKE, L. M., Richter, T., et al. (1993) · Journal of Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1262/jrd.39.229 · Cited by 1
Piot, E., Verheyen, W., Belle, H. V., et al. (1989) · Drug Development Research · doi:10.1002/ddr.430160106 · Cited by 1
Anabolic Impact of Cimaterol in Conjunction with Enteral Nutrition following Burn Trauma
Nelson, J. L., Chalk, C., & Warden, G. D. (1995) · doi:10.1097/00005373-199502000-00016 · Cited by 1
Effect of beta agonists on protein turnover in adipose tissue
Rogers, K. L., & Fagan, J. M. (1991) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(91)90407-3 · Cited by 1
EFFECT OF EPHEDRINE ON CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF FAT-TAILED SHEEP
Zamiri, M. J., & Karimi, A. (2005) · doi:10.22099/ijsts.2005.2780 · Cited by 1
Effect of ractopamine hydrochloride on beef carcass composition and estimates of intermuscular fat
Kent, K. R. (1990) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University) · Cited by 1
Autoimmunization Against Hormones: A New Strategy in Animal Production
CARNEGIE, P. R. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3734-1_15 · Cited by 1
Cinética del anabolizante clenbuterol en plasma medida mediante ELISA
Granado, G. S., Sauer, M. J., Blass, A., & del Portal, J. C. I. (1998) · Hispana
Pirsaraei, Z. A., Abolghasemi, A., ., A. J. S., & Hajabadi, M. J. (2006) · EPC 2006 - 12th European Poultry Conference, Verona, Italy, 10-14 September, 2006
Ferguson, T. L. (1989) · Montana State University ScholarWorks (Montana State University)
Beermann, D. H. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471238961.0114091302050518.a01.pub2
Acute formoterol administration has no ergogenic effect in nonasthmatic athletes
Stewart, I. B., LaBreche, J. M., & McKenzie, D. C. (2002) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200202000-00005
Role of β-Adrenergic Signalling in Skeletal Muscle Wasting: Implications for Sarcopenia
Ryall, J. G., & Lynch, G. S. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9713-2_19
Effects of isoproterenol infusion on the hindlimb metabolism of growing wether lambs
Brown, J., Crompton, L. A., & Lomax, M. A. (1991) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/0034-5288(91)90063-t
Hamada, K., Kihana, T., Matsuura, S., et al. (1994) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/bf00386637
Physiological Responses of Broiler Chicks Fed Various Level of Dopamine and Zinc
Farasati, C., & Tohidi, R. (2007) · Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.3923/pjbs.2007.2925.2929
Lister, D. (1988) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns19880051
Hamano, Y., YAMAZAKI, S., HONMA, I., et al. (1995) · Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho · doi:10.2508/chikusan.66.599
Estrada-Angulo, A., Cortéz, F. C., & Zinn, R. A. (2009)
(2016) · Research opinions in animal & veterinary sciences · doi:10.20490/roavs/16-002
The effects of catecholamines on protein metabolism in pigs and sheep
Grisdale, B. S. (1986) · doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-11916
Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolism in Bovine Muscle Treated with β-Adrenergic Agonists
Jobe, J. T. (2018) · OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries)
Hamano, Y., Kobayashi, S., & TERASHIMA, Y. (1994) · Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho · doi:10.2508/chikusan.65.1105
Beermann, D. H. (2000) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471238961.0114091302050518.a01
Beermann, D. H. (2002) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/047126363x.agr331
16: Influence of Dietary Supplements on Body Composition
Friedl, K. E. (2017) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781351260008-21
ß-adrenergic agonists and muscle growth
Smith, S. B. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85125-1.00134-4
Improving efficiency in the feedlot industry
Rients, E. L. (2022) · doi:10.31274/td-20240329-414
Immunosensor methods for drug residue control of food
Johansson, M. (2004) · Epsilon Open Archive (Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet biblioteket (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences))
Mechanisms of Action of Beta-Agonists
Trojan, S. J., & Hergenreder, J. (2026) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2025.11.001
Implementation and Benefits of Beta-Agonists in Beef Production
Pyatt, N. A., Brown, M. S., Walter, L.-A. J., et al. (2026) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2025.10.007
Henderson, J. A., McGill, J. L., & Hansen, S. L. (2026) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1093/jas/skag047
Mécanismes moléculaires du contrôle de la masse musculaire sous l'action du β2-agoniste formotérol
Joassard, O. (2013) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/251c01fcz1479z415aza11cz70e69f50a189
Hernández-Tovar, A., Hernández-García, E., Lazalde-Cruz, R., et al. (2026) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani16193068
Metadata
- Authors
- Ricks, C. A., Dalrymple, R. H., Baker, P. K., & Ingle, D. L.
- Affiliations
- Apnimed (United States) (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Animal Science
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1984-11-01
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1247-1255
- ISSN
- 0021-8812 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-3163
- OpenAlex
- W2547271346
- Cited by
- 294
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 18.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Animal Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Pharmacological Effects and Assays
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Meat and Animal Product Quality
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Keywords
- clenbuterol, beta-adrenergic agonists, Hereford steers, carcass composition, fat deposition, muscle deposition, loin eye area, USDA yield grade, blood urea nitrogen, nitrogen retention, weight gain, feed efficiency, finishing cattle
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review