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The Atrahasis Epic and its place in Babylonian literature
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of this study is to present, for the first time, the Epic of Atrahasis, as far as extant, in transliteration and translation (chapters II, III), and to examine it beside other Babylonian compositions containing similar material. Until 1965 only some three hundred lines of the Epic were known. That year saw the publication of the cuneiform text of some late Assyrian fragments by W.G. Lambert, and of two large Old Babylonian tablets by the writer (Cuneiform Texts XLVI). This new material, together with some unpublished texts, brings the number of lines represented to nearly one thousand (chapter 1) The large number of manuscripts of the work attest its popularity and importance. When the narrative of the creation of man is compared with other Mesopotamian texts, clear affinities are apparent with certain Sumerian and Akkadian traditions. Moreover, it can be shown that it probably formed a major source for the compilation of the later 'Babylonian Genesis', Enuma elish (chapter V). The second major theme, the Flood, is compared with other Flood Stories; parts of that narrative contained in the Gilgamesh Epic are identical with passages in the Atrahasis Epic, from which it is shown they were very probably borrowed (chapter VI). Certain sections within the poem reveal political institutions or practices of interest for the study of 'Primitive Democracy', of Babylonian concepts of remote history, and of traditions preserved in the King Lists (chapter VII). As a major literary work, the Epic of Atrahasis is shown to provide new material for investigation of the syntax and prosody of the 'Golden Age' of Akkadian literature (chapter IV). Obvious and important similarities to Hebrew tradition, closer in many points in Atrahasis than in any other Babylonian compositions, and the more remote comparisons with Greek legends fall beyond the scope of this investigation, but some indication of these is given (chapter VIII).
Overview
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TL;DR
Millard’s 1966 study edits and reconstructs the Old Babylonian Atrahasis Epic from newly identified tablets and fragments, arguing that it is a major Babylonian narrative of human creation, divine labor, plagues, and flood. It situates the epic in relation to Gilgamesh XI, Sumerian flood traditions, and Enuma elish, and draws out its implications for early Mesopotamian political and religious history.
Key findings
- New Old Babylonian copies and other fragments allow reconstruction of roughly three-quarters of the epic; only the final approximately 150 lines remain largely unknown. Colophons give Tablet I as 416 lines, Tablet II as 439, and Tablet III as 390, totaling 1245 lines, copied by Ellet-Aya in the reign of Ammisaduqa.
- The narrative describes the Igigu gods’ toil and revolt, Enki’s proposal to kill a god and mix flesh and blood with clay, Mami/Nintu’s creation of seven men and seven women, human multiplication disturbing Enlil, and successive punishments by plague, drought, and flood. Atrahasis is warned by Enki, builds a boat, survives a seven-day flood, and afterward the gods arrange measures to limit human expansion.
- Comparison with Gilgamesh XI shows extensive parallels in wording and incident; Millard argues that the Gilgamesh XI flood account likely borrowed from Atrahasis, while the Sumerian Deluge text and Atrahasis probably share a common ancestor rather than standing in direct descent. Enuma elish shares some themes but is later.
- The name Atrahasis is interpreted as more likely meaning “exceedingly devout/attentive” to a god than “exceedingly wise”; the hero acts as a priest-king or intercessor, and the epic contrasts a heavenly divine assembly with earthly elders who obey without consultation.
Methods
- Philological edition and textual reconstruction: collation, copying, transliteration, translation, and restoration of cuneiform manuscripts from collections in London, Istanbul, Berlin, and elsewhere, with attention to manuscript description, orthography, provenance, scribal hands, and dating.
- Comparative literary and historical analysis: the epic is set beside Gilgamesh XI, the Sumerian Deluge tablet, Enuma elish, other creation and flood traditions, and the Sumerian King Lists.
- The study also examines language and style, including features of the “hymnisch-epische Dialekt,” poetic parallelism, metre, alliteration, and the epic’s internal cross-references and irony.
Limitations
- The author states that this is the first presentation of much new material and that many uncertainties of translation and explanation remain; the text is fragmentary, Tablet II is incomplete, and the last roughly 150 lines are largely unknown.
- Some restorations, manuscript relationships, and comparative conclusions are tentative or probabilistic; provenance and dating for some manuscripts are inferred or based on palaeography rather than excavation records.
- Evident from the text: numerous lacunae, broken lines, and heavily corrupted passages make parts of the argument difficult to verify, and claims about borrowing or common ancestry remain hypothetical.
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202 No basis given · 200 Own interpretation · 124 Sources not found · 67 Own result · 22 Not checked yet · 2 Own method
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“The colophon on the reverse indicated that this was the second tablet of a series entitled Inuma ilu awilum.'When the gods, man'.”
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“Thus the restoration of Th.Bauer fim~tal]-ku!-ma followed by W. von.Soden (2AA.LIII.n.F.XIX(1959),p.232)cannot be proved.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites W. von.Soden (2AA.LIII.n.F.XIX(1959),p.232)
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“In the lexical series BrimhuS it is listed with civic' functionaries”
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“The Sumerian meaning was preserved at least by grammarians of latex* times who grouped it with guzalu and gib all as equivalent of Sumerian (eme-sal) libir, 'official*”
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“In Sumerian litex*ature the gal^.la is found pi*incipally as the agent of the underworld powers”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites S.N.Kramer in Ur Excavations, Texts VI.I, pp.2-4; Proceedings of the Amex*ican Philosophical Society CVII (1963),pp.492-3
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In the paper
“A similar usage is found in three parallel passages in texts referring to Sargon of Agade”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites L.W.King, Chronicles Concerning Early Babylonian Kings, London, 1907
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In the paper
“The figure 7 agrees 5ab~ba)gap^ta-Su-nufx x x -ia/e a with Enki!s ordinance in III.1.37,mag abubi 7 niugjgu ighiju.”
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“Collation of the texts of G.XI. suggested to the writer that 7 ur-ri should be read there also.”
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“It has been shown in the foregoing notes that there are close correspondences with the narrative of G-.XI, both in events and actual wording, up to 1.128.”
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“This is the provenance of the two collections in the British Museum to which mss.A and F (also B) belongs”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 3. Errors
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In the paper
“Here the god Enki instructs Atrahasis to build a large boat in which to save himself and his family.”
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“The obverse of mss.JL overlaps the beginning of ms.E, the complaint of Enlil, and the reverse may refer to the coming of the Flood.”
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“In the first column of this is described the anger of a god at the multiplication and noise of mankind resulting in the imposition of a dearth to reduce it”
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“the last column mentions a flood.”
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“The obverse of B told of the creation of men from clay mingled with the blood of a slain god-.”
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“A favourable > reception is granted to this idea.The tools of their toil are set on fire and the gods advance on Enlil1s house.”
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In the paper
“The other preserved passages have ^a-nun-na (I.v.5;III«iii.30,vi*7), the more common form in Old Babylonian Akkadian texts”
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In the paper
“As the years pass the problem recurs.”
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“They are under the control of Enlil, 'counsellor1 of the gods, to whom the earth had been assigned as his realm (the heavens had been allotted to Anu, the sweet subterranean waters to Enki).”
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In the paper
“At the outset the Junior gods, the Igigu, are working to create a productive land, they dig out the river beds and define their courses to irrigate the soil.”
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In the paper
“The labourings of the gods are described by the phrases dullam abalu, dullam zabalu (I.i.3b), §upgikkam aabalu, Supgikkam nagfl (I.iv.2 B, 2b B ) , abganam abalu tl.iv.26 B”
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“However, a similar inconsistency appears in the Code of Hammurabi”
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“Mami, the mother-goddess is called upon to create man.She objects that the task is beyond her ability and requests the aid of Enki who can purify everything and provide the clay.”
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“Enki advises cessation of prayer and worship and an insult to Erra the plague-god.”
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“Enki accordingly ordains days of purification, to remove the guilt of killing, and instructs that Mami shall mix the flesh and blood of the dead god with the clay.”
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In the paper
“He complains to the gods and declares that he will cause a plague to reduce the population.”
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“Thereupon Kami declares the task accomplished, the wearisome toil transferred to the shoulders of man.”
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In the paper
“Enlil decides upon a drought, Enki advises the same steps to counteract it, the insult being offered this time Adad, the rain-god”
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“guzalfi is only knownfrom this text (_cf .iii.12,24) and G-ilgamesh XI.17 as a title of Ninurta, although it is commonly found with various minor deities”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites K.Tallquist, Akkadische G-6'tterepitheta, Helsinki, 1 93>p*75
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“On the reverse is an account of the raging of the elements and Ishtarfs regret at the occasion of the deluge.”
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In the paper
“Enlil, therefore, instructs Nusku in the message he is to deliver, and this is repeated when Nusku reaches the Igigu.”
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“Their reply is missing from the text, although part can be restored from Nusku1s report of it to Enlil.Its tenor is clear, the burden must be alleviated.”
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In the paper
“This comes to pass and Atrahasis, a figure not previously mentioned in the extant text, pleads with Enki on behalf of the people.”
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“Two Assyrian fragments relate the formation of seven pairs of wombs each containing a piece of the clay.”
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“and Enlil*s device is again frustrated.”
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“From these are born seven men and seven women, Mami forms them while yet in the womb and then supervises their birth.”
plaindirectn = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“When Mami has v. prepared the mixture she calls the gods and the Igigu spit upon it.”
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“Atrahasis summons the leaders of the people vi ii. and tells them what to do.”
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In the paper
“However, the writer's discovery of large parts of Old Babylonian copies of the first and third tablets (mss.A ,F) in the British Museum, and W.G-. Lambert's identification of a number of small Assyrian pieces in the Kuyunjik collections”
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“The Epic of Atrahasis may be aptly called *A Babylonian pQ History of the Infancy of Mankind1^ , it describes the events resulting in the creation of the human race, the means of that creation, its unexpected consequences culminating in the divine decision to destroy mankind by the Flood, and the subsequent re-ordering of human affairs.”
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“A-nu is consistently written in A without the determinative”
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“Joyfully the gods invest her with the title Belit-Ili, 1 Lady of the Gods*.”
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In the paper
“The composition of the divine government is the same as that in G-ilgamesh XI.15-rl8.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Someone proposes a change of taskmaster and, to ensure that their desire is met, one god suggests that Enlil be fetched forcibly from his house to face their assembly.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thereby the gods will be forced ...to relent.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The verb most commonly found with dullu is epe£u, dullam abalu is otherwise known only from two texts from Susa”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The second piece opens with a dialogue between Ea and Atrahasis and the commencement of a speech by Ea addressed to the reed hut.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The expression dullam zabalu is also rare, apparently surviving elsewhere only in the apodosis of an omen”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is night-time and Enlil is sleeping, but the doorkeeper Kalkal realises the danger and arouses Nusku, Enlil's vizier.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Combination of all these texts permits restoration or reconstruction of approximately three-quarters of the whole Epic; only the last one hundred and fifty lines remain largely unknown, 26.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“^a-nun-na-ku is the only vertain example of the spelling with final ku in the Old Babylonian mss.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“So that the dead god may not sink into oblivion a shade will come from his flesh.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When the text is fully intelligible again the human race has so multiplied after a passage of years that its noise disturbs Enlil*s sleep.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regrettably, this line does not aid the restoration of Gilgamesh XI.15”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Together the two servants investigate the noise, then Nusku wakens his master with the bad news.He calms his lord's fears with the suggestion of calling a council 28.cf.C.J. G-add, Iraq IV (1937), p. 34.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This labour is extremely wearisome to the gods who toil unceasingly, so they hold a meeting of protest.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Anunna approve the scheme, which is put into execution.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Following a further brea,k, another drought and consequent famine are described, continuing for severa.1 years with dire results.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Anu advises iii. the despatch of Nusku to discover the cause of the attack.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“^I-gi-gi is treated as a Semitic noun and declined”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They obey and the plague ceases.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Ennugi is known as an earth-god and underworld deity (v.K. Tallquist, op.cit.,p.305) and is also called 'official' of Enlil”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites K. Tallquist, op.cit.,p.305
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“von Soden*s proposed Nin-subur does not appear likely from the traces.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the existence of several mss. it has not been possible to extract much sense from these lines.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The rendering 'lyre?proposed by J. Laess/e (Bib.Or.XIII (1955),pp.90-1)has nothing to favour it above the generally accepted *ox* (Clay, Speiser, Heidel 'cattle').”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites J. Laess/e (Bib.Or.XIII (1955),pp.90-1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Clay
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Speiser
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“qa-ti-ga is the only instance of Ellet-Aya using the sign GA to represent the phoneme q(a)”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“With gigaru in a cosmic context, compare Enuma Elig V.10”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Enuma Elig V.10
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ms. B um-mu suggests that A um-mi may he erroneous.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The term gallu is not applied to him elsewhere, nor to any other god, apparently.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The third sign is clearly written with a broken vertical and so is not UD, unless it is written abnormally by the scribe.”
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The third sign is not clear, allowing the possibility of i-nu-ma ana (W.G.L.), but this use of DI § is not found in the remainder of the Old Babylonian mss.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first three signs are not clearly legible in either ma A or B.”
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The number of years, 1200, alone is clear.”
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The first sign is certainly na in ms.A (so the entry C.A.D. 6(g),p.26should he corrected)making a good example of hendiadys.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites C.A.D. 6(g),p.26
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“paqidugimati does not appear in other texts”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“i-ta~ah~du The last sign is incorrectly copied, collation confirms _du.”
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the signs are damaged, this reading seems more consonant with the traces and / the spacing than von Soden* s attempt”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“u-Sa-a^-^i-^Q is II.1 of SSfu 'to flutter, to fly' with cau sative force.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is not common with adversative sense”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The syntax of this line is obscure, although the general sense is clear; Nintu wishes that Enlil may not come to the place where she is.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The address spoken to Atrahasis by Enki and his repetition of it to the elders appear to be identical, without any distinction of persons”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The conjunction of ramanu and pagru makes en emphatic reflexive occurring in other contexts to connote personal action, of one's own free-will”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The damage renders impossible any certain interpretation of this line.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suppu recurs in a damaged simile in III.iii.19”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The phrase libha nuppuSu * to relax oneself, to he relieved* is discussed by G.E. Driver”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites G.E. Driver in Laws, II, pp.286,287
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The verb of this line and of 56 has not been deciphered.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Gilgamesh text shows that the verb bere is kamasu I, fto gather1 rather than kamasu II !to bow1*”
boostedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“who confirmed the suggestion that it denotes an unreal event, translating fas if1.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites M. Held, J.C.S* XV (1961),p.22
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“ka-aq-qd.-raG substantiates the restoration of E already made by W.P. Albright (A.J.S.L. XL (1923-4),p.135, and followed by W. von Soden A^Ewb, p.247, cited by E.E.Knudsen, J.C.S. XV (l96l),p.86,and must replace Clay's reading na-ak-bi-ra.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites W.P. Albright (A.J.S.L. XL (1923-4),p.135
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites W. von Soden A^Ewb, p.247
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites E.E.Knudsen, J.C.S. XV (l96l),p.86
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“kl agabi is understood as 'instead of sitting1”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites J. Aro, Lie akkadischen Infinitivkonstruktionen,Helsinki, 178.1961,pp.285-289
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Restoration is confirmed by the repetition in v*42”
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“lib-tanniba is to be preferred as a reading to Clay's limtannima (followed by Albright,Ipc.cit., and A.Heidel, The Gilgamesh Epic, p.108) and to Laess/e's lihtannima (followed by W. von Soden, A.Hwb., p.320) as the i]j is clear”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Clay
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Laess/e
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites W. von Soden, A.Hwb., p.320
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These lines are repeated almost exactly in vii*56-viii.10,viii.12-22,II.ii.9-11,17-19?and can be partly restored by comparing and combining the readings of these passages.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only noun known in Akkadian is suppu * prayer1, which is difficult to interpret in this context”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“lillidu 'adolescent*”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A.Hwb., p.553a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“tiku supplied by G corrects the restoration zunnu proposed in C.A.D. 6(0),p.7 6 .”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites C.A.D. 6(0),p.7 6
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The problem lies mainly in the interpretation of a-a-nu”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is no trace of gu after the ig, in either ms., and 1 .15. ka-aq-qd.-raG substantiates the restoration of E already made by W.P. Albright”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The photograph given by C.H.W. Johns, Cuneiform Inscriptions, New York, 1907,p.11,shows clearly that E had foi-pi i&.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites C.H.W. Johns, Cuneiform Inscriptions, New York, 1907,p.11
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“G-.XI.123* ki-i mare nune^ d-ma~al-la-a tam-ta-am-ma 'like fish-spawn1 (or * fish1 simply) 'thgyfill the sea* has a very close connection in idea, although not identically expressed, with 1 ,6 .8”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“elenuhere 1 apart from1”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the separation of the particle from the verb by jja a-a-nu is extraordinary”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A verb suppu 'to carry off, kidnap1 is attested”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites 33.Landsberger, 2.A .XLXII,n.E.IX (1935)?p.315, n.4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites W. von Soden, Z.A. XLIX,n.R.XV (1950),p.l8l
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Restoration li-ni-i3 on the basis of k (Clay, Laess/e) is 147.not supported by the traces in G.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Clay
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Laess/e
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is repeated in v.39-40 in a similar context”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Tablets I and III (A and F) are dated 21 si:12 Ammisaduqa and x:iii:12 respectively, but Tablet II (E) over a month earlier, 28:xi:11.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A raturn can he 'opened1 according to the incomplete line 0.XI.298”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A.N.E.T., p.66 , n.62
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is substantiated by the form of the tablet -it is arranged and ruled in the same manner -and by the handwriting, which is identical in appearance to that of A, E, and F.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In three instances consonant-vowel-consonant signs are employed fry B where A has two signs, consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The meaning of this word has not been finally settled.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“the Akkadian line ra-tu-um-ma !Ihe spring in the midst of the sea is a ratum' (C .1.XIII,pi.39,1.11).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“wa£aru 'to be humiliated, humble' is frequently used in royal inscriptions to describe the obedience and self-abasing attitude of kings with regard to the gods”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites G.E.Driver and Sir John C. Miles, She Babylonian Daws, II.p.1235
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites S. Langdon, Die Neubabylonischen KSnigsinschriften, Leipzig, 1912,p.319
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“G.XI. has used the stative of the gods' action in 1.24 (balm) and, consistently, employs the stative of wa^abu in 1.125”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it-ta-di is certain”
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Best or ed from vi.10, malik llial There is hardly space for addition of ra-bu-tlm.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An unpublished hymn or 2. J.C.S. XI. (1957),pp.83-90 193prayer in the British Museum also bears his signature, but is not at present available for study”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“B belongs to the same collection in the British Museum as part of F (91, 5-9 collection) and it has been suggested that it is also the work of Ellet-^Aya”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Now exactly the same notation is observable in the duplicate copy of Tablet II which does not have a colophon (G).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The implication of the simile is not clear.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ho explanation of the the variation Anus Ninurta can he offered.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The trace of an oblique wedge before e-lu supports restoration from this line.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although its surface is very worn, examination of the fragment beside A and F reveals several forms of signs which differ”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“B uses logograms in two places where A spells the word in Akkadian”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“G.XI.124,125, have 'the gods' as subjects, corresponding to iv.1 5 ,18b, not presenting the description of Nintu which intervenes in iv.16,17*”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The ductus and orthography of a piece In the Morgan Library Collection are very similar”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites J.J. FinhelBtein
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Atrahasis, on the other hand, has a preterite ofthe gods' action in iv.15 (ibkfi) and equally in 1.18 (u&bti) .”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reading and sense of these lines is uncertain, except in so far as they contain a further speech of Nintu.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The order of ■words and lines is identical except in iv.43”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With 182.Nintu as the subject in Atrahasis the verb is stative following the preterite iSbi (1.16) and refers to her condition subsequent to the events described already.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“W. von Soden* Or* N.S.XII (1953)?p.207 states that Sakanu II is only used in late texts as a technical term for the installation of a governor, hut the present state of the text makes interpretation difficult.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites W. von Soden* Or* N.S.XII (1953)?p.207
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The reading mai-li is conjectural, the first sign has too many strokes for rna.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Damage has interrupted the sense of the remainder of the column.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Atrahasis Epic turns the second sentence into a question by the introductory ki”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Its text is almost identical with A, i-tab-gj where the latter has li-ib-gi (iv, 4-6,48) being the only verbal difference, apart from the variation be-li-it-'l-li:^Nin-tu (vi.15).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The variant to G-.XI.supports restoration of a-bu-bu here.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When the text of A. continues, the same close similarities can be observed from G.XI.156 onwards”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“pagittum is particularly an epithet of Lamashtu”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites W. von Soden, Bib.Or.XVIII (1961), p*72
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The preposition should govern an oblique case, birki”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The dimensions are similar when allowance is made for the loss of the lower quarter and the right edge (.19.3x16,8 cms).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Where it seems to correspond to I.iv.19ff, it is not identical with the text as represented in B (see ch. 2, p. above), through insertion of lines found in iv.26-27 in place of 20.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is the upper right corner of a smaller tablet than A (it is thinner) with at least two columns of writing on either face.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“On a. 4: KA is employed for the initial syllable of qaqqaru II.i.15 and qaqqadu I.vi.4 as an allophone of £ in accordance with the principles described by E.E.Knudsen”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 3. Errors
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites E.E.Knudsen in J.C.S.XV (1961), pp.84-90
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The small amount of text preserved, however, is identical with A (apart from three different orthographies, ia»gi~im~ma 0: ia-a-Si-im-ma-a A (ii .51).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Beside this list must be placed AZ=as, claimed as a 'southern' usage by Goetze, but found in a northern text by Kraus.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 3. Errors
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Goetze
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Kraus
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The addition of third person suffixes to words ending in dentals or sibilants results in a double sibilant”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition to the uses listed aboveP the following anomalies are present.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in support of SI=se, not si may be adduced the ' writing Sl-e-erma III.i.23 (for germa).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 3. Errors
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“hanuscript D corresponds to passages missing or badly damaged in the main manuscript, A, so that comparison of text is difficult.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Like D it has E-a for En-ki, and unlike A, E, F, Gr writes at-ra-&( a-si-is) no^ at-ra-am-foa-si-ib 0 and omits the masculine determinative.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The two apparent exceptions two Goetze's tabulation being either found in another 'northern' text (AZ-as), or of uncertain significance”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 3. Errors
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Goetze
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Old Babylonian literary tablets of two columns on either face are rare; the major example is the G-ilgamesh fMeissnerf fragment, with a width of about 14.5 cms”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A.R. Millard, Ira£ XXVI (1964), p.100
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only a transliteration of Manuscript B has been available, but Dr. F. Kocher characterises it as a school text.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The lines are ruled off in pairs”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Y is always written with a in the dipthong ia”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is the orthography of his manuscripts, A, E, F. G ., which is described here.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“where the $ is doubled jrf (ZI) is employed”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 3. Errors
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For u u is employed except for the copula, u, and the word umu day, u^mi I.iv.45.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These are few: a.&a 'field* II.i.18, idiqna 'Tigris' I.ii.2 5 , mu(£i.a)'year(s)' I.i.3 7 , sukkal, * vizier1 I.il.30 and are not written with phonetic complements.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only determinatives employed are DING-IR with divine names, DIS with Atrahasis and hi.a with mu.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The writing of sibilants presents a confused picture at first glance.However, it may be formulated as follows: s is represented by the simple s signs, as listed: s is represented by the simple signs as listed, except when doubled or assimilating another consonant in which cases SA, BU, AS, IS, US, but §1 may only bo used for se”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 3. Errors
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To these can be added five signs used only in writing divine names”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Analysis of the signs employed by Ellet-^Aya results in the following list of signs characteristic of 'northern texts': TEs=t®4 BI~pl SA-sa SI~si SU=su A*-1A-aya( I .ii. 23, III.i .30) KI=ql KU-qu”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 3. Errors
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“W is represented by the sign P1 which assumes whatever subsequent vowel is required”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“gu.za.la *chair-bearer1 occurs in I.i.41, 49 hut in other lines, where it has a pronominal suffix, it is spelt out guruz-za-lu I.i.9 , iii.12”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Other examples of assimilation are m to b in ib-ba-^ra II.ii.12 and of 1 to | in na-ag-£a II.ii. 14 E, but 0 has na-al-ga.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Where tablets not written by Ellet-^Aya diverge from his spelling, this fact has been indicated in the preceding section and in the critical apparatus of the text”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the four times repeated phrase al<k^-nim i ni-i£-&i-a I.ii.44, 46, ii.2,4, ka aiopears to have been omitted.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 3. Errors
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The consonant is first indicated (xC), then the sign actually employed with each vowel.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For ^En-ki D writes ^ O ' E-a.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some defective writings are present: li-ga-si-iq (for 11”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 3. Errors
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Like C it has pa-a~su (D.ii: 1) and like B employs the logogram dingir (me&) (D.ii, 2,12).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The passage it contains is not extant in G r , the other Old Babylonian copy of Tablet II, but is found in the neo-Babylonian text £ as far as line 11 , with slight variation in arrangement of words.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this is also the ease with e 'house', which is spelt out when in construct or accusative cases, as well as with suffixes bi-it III.ii.47, bi-ta III,i.22”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is the extreme left edge of the tablet only, with a maximum of seven letters remaining in any line.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The three vowels a, e, i, are represented by the common signs a, e, i.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The gods complain and Nammu, the Mother-goddess, arouses Enki, who is sleeping, and suggests he makes substitute workers*”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > It commences by
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Enuma elish relates Enki doing the work on Marduk1s advice, ina d d nik-la-a-ti-' ja Marduk ib-na-a Nu-dim-mud, 'in accordance with Marduk1s plans did Nudimmud create' (VI.35), so that the work s / can still be called Marduk*s”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Enuma elish.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The specific dividing by lot is not present in Enuma Elish; the divine triad, Anu, Enlil. Enki, is recognised and treated as the seat of government”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Enuma elish.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the significance of the colophon attached to copies of the text from Nineveh (not found in the Assur copy) entitling the -12 w°rk tuppi 2 kam.ma i-nu-ma i-lum a-wi-lum , the first line, and consequently 'title1 , of Atrahasis.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Enuma elish.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No examples of the shortened forms _i~, in -, a-, an-, can be found, although frequent in some other texts in the 'Dialekt* and in Old Akkadian.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 1. Apocopat ion of pronominal suffixes.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(iv) In a council held to consider how to appease the Igigu, creation of a substitute is proposed.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Understanding of Akkadian poetry has made little
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This motif is entirely absent; canals and rivers were 'given their right courses' but no agent is named (11*5*6).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Enuma elish.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(vi) Enki and the Mother-goddess do this.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Understanding of Akkadian poetry has made little
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Y/hile the first feature is not present, man*s purpose was to do somethingfllb-rifr a-melu-ti x x x x ana i-pi-t^u?x x],1.38) .”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 227.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As an ordinal i£-ti~ta 5a-at-tam (II.iv,9)» 'in the first year* seems to be unique”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 1. Apocopat ion of pronominal suffixes.
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“u and n are predominant in lu dunnuna uniaturn (lll.i.32) and r and k in urruk markasa (III.11.55).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Understanding of Akkadian poetry has made little
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Scrutiny of the vocabulary of Atrahasis reveals that it uses right words which appear in the list as found in other texts in the 'Dialekt'; ahriatig I.iv.45.baDulatu 1.1.14,binu I .ii.37,39, ergu III.iii.33,kaSuSu Ill.iii.12,kullatu III.viii.18,nig&iku, I.i.16, gapgaqu I.I.4.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 1. Apocopat ion of pronominal suffixes.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(ii) Under the direction of the Anunnaki, the Igigu labour to render the earth fruitful.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Understanding of Akkadian poetry has made little
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first column alone refers to creation, and its interpretation is uncertain,”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > It commences by
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“emphasis on cult-establishments and rituals suggests man may have been intended for their service (i.5,-9f), and apparently cleaning of the watercourses was also a part of his lot (ii,22*).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > It commences by
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is noteworthy that the subsequent verb does not have the prefix, nor do other verbs with a feminine subject”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 1. Apocopat ion of pronominal suffixes.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This feature is not apparent In the Epic of Atrahasis, and is not very common elsewhere according to von Soden.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 1. Apocopat ion of pronominal suffixes.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites von Soden
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The only instance given by von Soden is that in the phrase ^Nintu pl-a-ga te-pu-ga-am-ma iz-za-kar known to him from ms.B (l.iv.30), and now found also in A (I.v.8).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 1. Apocopat ion of pronominal suffixes.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites von Soden
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(iii) The Igigu revolt against this toil.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Understanding of Akkadian poetry has made little
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(i) The world is divided by lot into Anu's realm (heaven), Enlil1s realm (earth), Enki*s realm (fresh-water).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Understanding of Akkadian poetry has made little
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No mention is made of relief for the working gods, hut man does have as his purpose the worship and cult of the gods.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Enuma elish.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(vii) The Igigu relax from their toil; all the gods now have their needs met through the toils of man.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Understanding of Akkadian poetry has made little
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No example of a singular siffix so treated is displayed in the Epic, but in the plural can be found:”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 1. Apocopat ion of pronominal suffixes.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Again, this feature Is absent.It is, indeed, so rare in Old Babylonian texts that it can hardly be used as a distinctive mark”
- Also stated in: § 1. Apocopat ion of pronominal suffixes. · plain
“It is more common in later compositions such as Enuma elish.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 1. Apocopat ion of pronominal suffixes.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § 1. Apocopat ion of pronominal suffixes. · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Man is, however, the creation of Nintu with Anu, Enlil, and Enki (i.12',13'),”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > It commences by
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“How the man was made is not explained by Enuma elish:, nor is any component other than blood mentioned.By contrast, specially prepared clay is an essential ingredient in the Atrahasis' account.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Enuma elish.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As in (iii) above, the idea is first discussed privately by Marduk and Enki, then brought to the council in Enuma elish, whereas in Atrahasis the idea arises during the council's sitting.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Enuma elish.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is an occasional assonance of the unaccented syllable as in I.ii.13, babi sa”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Understanding of Akkadian poetry has made little
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(v) Enki suggests slaying one god, mixing his flesh and blood with clay, and making mankind therefrom.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Understanding of Akkadian poetry has made little
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is not explicit, but Enki created various workmen gods associated with the trades employed in temple construction, and deities of food and drink for furnishing the nourishment of the gods.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Division of the Universe.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Enki accordingly prepares 'mother-wombs* (siqg* and, with clay from the Apsu commands the formation of man in the wombs.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > It commences by
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Anu created heaven, Enki the Apsu and apparently the features of the earth (marsh, forest, mountain, sea); Enlil is not mentioned.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Division of the Universe.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Atrahasis Epic opens with the picture of the Igigu toiling to render the earth productive at the behest of the Anunnaki (I.i.5,6).No parallel occurs Enuma elish in the same context.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Enuma elish.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While it follows that no substitute is necessary, the gods in council ponder a further creation to the earth and then propose to make man.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Enuma elish.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of these words three are already known in Old Akkadian (hafulatu, binu, kullatu), two are divine epithets (ersu of Mami, nig&lku of Enkii leaving only apriatis, kafeuSu, sapgaqu, as characteristic of the 'Dialekt*.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 1. Apocopat ion of pronominal suffixes.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The key position of Enki is found in both accounts; Nintu is absent from Enuma -elish.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Enuma elish.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No trace of other gods toiling or requiring a substitute is present.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > It commences by
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The poet has enhanced his work with several comparisons drawn from commonplace and from abstruse sources.The noise of the populated countryside and of the flood is likened to a wild bull's bellow”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Understanding of Akkadian poetry has made little
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result of this comparison it Is clear that the Sumerian account of the Flood is almost identical with that of A. in outline, but that it lacks the long description of the coming of the Flood and of Nintu's laments found in A.Ill ii.50~iv, and no doubt other descriptive passages since the forty lines missing from col.v.could not have contained all the material in A.Ill.i.21-iii.50”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Obvious correspondences of many lines in these two compositions have already been observed in the Notes, especially on Tablet III (pp JSi-ff) .”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > It commences by
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The later version is longer, it contains more repetition, the contents of speeches or the persons who express certain views are not always the same, there are variations in details of fact, and, occasionally, complete episodes present in one are -absent from the other version.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > It commences by
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several types of difference may be distinguished: 1.Verbal differences: in certain cases the lines are identical but for one word:”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A second point to be noted before comparison is made is that the Flood story in Gilgamesh XI is narrated by Uta-napishtim throughout, whereas the Atrahasis Epic is an impersonal recitation.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > It commences by
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As the latter is known only from neo-Assyrian and neo-Babylonian manuscripts, there is a gap of almost a millennium between the texts compared.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > It commences by
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The many broken passages in Tablet III (ms.F), preclude comparison with the whole of the Gilgamesh XI text.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > It commences by
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Atrahasis acted in a period of unusual and widespread difficulty.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The system has Its imperfections as NIntu* s regret at being persuaded to agree to the sending of the Flood makes plain (lll.iijiv).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Any other work of mankind is secondary, the creature is expected to obey his masters in every respect (cjk I.iv,v).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mention must be made, however, of the passage from Tablet II concerning j the dire straits to which famine had reduced mankind and which is repeated in royal inscriptions, omens, a prophecy, and, most 1 notably, in legal deeds,written during siege/”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The absence of any named domicile for Atrahasis is peculiar as there was a very strong tradition associating a king with a particular city”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 5. The Identity of Atrahasis.
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Enlil is the counsellor (malku), charged with the good ordering of the earth and dwelling in the Ekur.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Epic exhibits that forma of the Sumerian-Babylonian pantheon found in many other sources.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This has shown that many connections exist between various compositions, and these may be held to point to particular streams of traditional knowledge”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Anu is supreme, the king (sarru), heaven is his domain.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this instance, Enlil failed to follow the customary procedure of consulting with his colleagues, according to Nintu (III.ill.53,la la imtalkuma 'who did not take counsel')j as he had done earlier when the Igigu rebelled (l.ii.iii) and when man first disturbed him (I.vii).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No trace of consultation among the elders or between them and Atrahasis appears”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Above all, this is demonstrated in the advice of Enki to Atrahasis on the method of countering and ending the divine oppression; all worship and prayer is to cease, sacrifices and offerings are to be unfit (I .vii.45-50).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The divine assembly is required at least to give Its approval to a decision of moment, like the creation of man, which is proposed to it only after discussion by the leading figures, Anu, Enlil, and Enki (jcf.I.iv.).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, the fact remains that this remarkable instance of 'bringing the gods to heel* was contained in a much-copied literary composition In which may be detected other streaks of, to us, irreverent thought”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Throughout the narrative of these successive expansions one name only is mentioned, Atrahasis.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 5. The Identity of Atrahasis.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless the gods agreed to his proposition and the one dissentient, Enki, was forced to give way (II.vii,viii).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“tepuSamma recurs in v .8(A) and provides one of the rare examples of the third person feminine singular of the verb with prefixed _t in Old Babylonian.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is noteworthy that the Igigu are here described as ilu rabfitum, a title elsewhere applied to the Anunnaki (1.5,of.i .5 passim)”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“al-nim, resulting from a combination of all four lines, is unintelligible.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The repetition of this line in ii.2,4 shows the first sign to be al, but the second sign is there obscured by damage.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“L ^we-e-i-la is difficult of reading and interpretation.It is unique.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“rabfitim applies here to the Anunnaki who ordered the work (iv.49-51) and to the Igigu who are now liberated.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The introduction to the omen series Enuma Anu ellil has reference only to the creation of sun and moon.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Epic does provide an indication of a passage of time in the repeated mention of 1200 years (I.vii.199viii.28=11*i.1), but the illegibility of each line concerned leaves some doubt as to its intex^pretation.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Epic of Atrahasis actually recounts the creation of only two things, namely the landscape and mankind; it is not a creation story in the sense of a cosmogony”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The traces on E and G favour the reading [pu}~ur~sa, consonant with k p[ur]-sa-ma, rather than Clayfs lip-par-sa and Laess^e1s lup-ru~sa.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The colophons of three texts (A, E, F) state that they are the work of Ellet-^Aya, a pupil-scribe (dub.sartur), and give dates in the reign Ammisaduga of Babylon (jc. 1 646-1 626 B.C.).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The suffixes of rigim^a and milikSa indicate a feminine subject, perhaps a storm-wind.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The most striking is the motif of the noise of a lesser creation disturbing its elders”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This use of emuqu as the attribute of an inanimate subject is unusual; the word is employed of the physical power of man”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The end of that line must be understood similarly as 'the scourge came upon the people* rather than '...Summon the mighty; one!1 as Lambert first proposed”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With this line is introduced the there of the plight of the gods after the destruction of mankinds their substitutes are no longer available to produce and provide them with food and drink”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The primacy of Anu (Sarru, Atrahasis I.i,7) is seen in the endowment of Marduk with authority like that of Anu (IV.4,6: se-qar-ka A-nu-um, of.VII.102), and in the fact that it is he who enthrones Marduk (VI.93,94).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Marduk is the creator, only one other deity is mentioned; (i-v) do not apply.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“abuba appears to be employed as the title of the composition”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is no doubt thatthe first sign is ki and, therefore, that G.XI.31 should readfkjj-ma ap-si-i &a-a-&i gu-ul-lil-Si”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The damaged traces in the manuscripts are sufficient to determine the readings proposed.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Igigu do not appear”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The whole is described as karaSu, 'catastrophe*”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Noteworthy for association with Atrahasis l.i. is the River Incantation which begins at-ti naru banat ka-la-ma e-nu-ma ifc-ru-ki ilgni rabuti *0 river, creator of all!When the 17 great gods dug you out...*”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Atrahasis l.i.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“apsu The subterranean waters are specifically understood as covered over by the earth in this context, any suggestion of the horizon or of celestial waters is excluded”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites D.A. Speiser, Or. N.S. XXV (1956), p.320
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites W.L. Moran, Analecta Biblica XII.111 (1959), pp.262-265
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The collectionof creation stories compiled by A* Heidel in common with others includes certain * creation' passages which are not complete stories but refer to creation.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A. Heidel
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The basic verse form is clearly that with six stresses, either in distichs or tristichs.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Marduk is credited with creation of the Tigris and Euphrates, £f.Atrahasis l.i.where this is the labour of the Igigu*”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Atrahasis l.i.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Marduk makes man, but not alone, a-ru-ru ze-er a-me-lu-tl it-ti-su ib-ta-nu !Aruru with him created the seed of mankind1”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore the personal name of the 'Babylonian Noah* remains unknown, although his father's name is recorded1^(Ubar-Tutu).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is supported by the evidence of the Sumerian 'Deluge* text in which the hero is a lugal and a,pagjgu priest.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the Flood narrative of G-ilgamesh XI, closely related to Atrahasis (see ch. 6 ), the hero is named as (Ut-napil3tim), son of Ubar-tutu, native of Shuruppak 1 2 where the Sumerian version has ZiUsudra.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is no circumstantial evidence in the Old Babylonian version that he held kingly office, it was as spokesman of Enki that the elders were instructed by him at his gate.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only distinction lies in the form of the first element, atra(m) : atar.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nowhere in the Epic is he given any title, so that his rank or office can only be deduced from the role assigned to him.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Moreover, the Erra Epic states that'the lord of lands did not let the flood pass over' the territory of Sippar ( ~ si»par al sa-a-ti sa-^Bel matati i-na ugar ■■mm f itiw ij i t n N n a n a n m w w > m y i c m m v «■ ■-...T ^-r a > --■ a-rrc g n r”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Erra Epic
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The hero of the Atrahasis Epic is given no appellation except that of Atrahasis (unless a name was preserved in a passage now lost).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“His study, incorporating the other known texts of the Epic drew attention to similarities in a Sumerian account of man's early 1 5 history from Nippur.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this article he established the correct reading of the hero's name previously rendered by Smith as Atarpi.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The story thus re-arranged showed a more logical development and all doubt about the place of B was removed; it clearly belonged to the first tablet of the Epic as Zimmern had surmised.”
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A revised text of the Old Babylonian ms. 3 E was also published. It had passed into the Pierpont Morgan Library where it was 1 A cleaned and a new copy made by A.T. Clay.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The opening episodes remained as George Smith had found, rebellious mankind punished by the plagues and dearth.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Laessoe copied another small Assyrian fragment (Jj which had been identified by W.G-, Lambert, who published it together p h with a piece which may belong to the story (BM98977 + 99231).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Luckenbill1s suggestions have proved correct, as have those of R, Garapbell Thompson who reviewed Clay's book (see Notes 16 to Tablet II).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“W. von Soden quickly produced a study of B, based upon photographs with 2Z many improved readings.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It was now plain that the creation of man by Mami to work in place of the gods was an integral part of the story, and that the multiplication of man and the ensuing plagues and flood were subsequent to it.”
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, there was no major progress in the understanding of the story until 1956 when J. Laessoe re-translated and discussed parts of E and perceived that the accepted order of the columns of k should be reversed, the obverse and the reverse of the tablet, hesitantly 22 decided by the first decipherers, having been confused.22.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Clay's translation, and some of his readings, were severely criticized by D.D, Luckenbill for excessive reliance on Hebrew etymologies.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Nine years after Clay's publication, A. Boissier edited a fragment of an Old Babylonian tablet, the third and last in the series Inuma ilu awilum, according to the colophon, 13.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Zimmern's text was the basis of the edition by P. Jensen in the Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek,9 actually published before Zimmern's own paper.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“His transliteration and translation of B and a composite text of and k emphasizes the similarities, but its position in the story remained obscure and it was considered as a ritual for use in childbirth or at first as a secondary creation story.20”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In a study of the Creation of Man, S. Langdon re-copied B and transliterated and translated the obverse.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These three texts, together with m, yielded sufficient information for Zimmern to give an outline of the story and to call it 1 The Myth of Atrahasis1.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Clay replied to his critics the following year, substantiating several of his readings with enlarged photographs of the pertinent signs.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Zimmern could now add the incident of the Flood as the culmination of the gods' displeasure, and the escape of Atrahasis.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Here the word has the more general sense of ftoil, labour1, with the overtone of menial, unfitting tasks.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The actual process of creation is 14. uncertain as a result of breaks in the text.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fragmentary state of much of Tablet II renders a complete account its content impossible.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The normally given meaning 1chair-bearer1 (G.A.D. 5 (G), pp.146-6;A.Hwb.p.3QQ) is nowhere substantiated precisely by context, it rests upon the Sumerian writing gu.za.la.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Broken lines probably contained an account of man being set to work digging the canals and ditches.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A pattern vi. is now established for the continuance of humanity by procreation, and it is likely that some principles of life-order were laid down, but here the text is damaged again.”
hedgedn = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All instances of gupgikku in this text are best taken as abstract uses in the sense of 'labour1, except for I.ii.10 where it is one of the implements of labour.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Damage obscures the course of the debate in the divine assembly; it seems that the gods eventually agree to kill one of the Igigu and make a substitute worker.This is what happens.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“awxlum can only be interpreted as a noun with the adverbial termin ation -urn, 'as a man'.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He apparently proposes to descend to the Apsu to live with Enki, who agrees iv. that his life should be spared.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There may have been a greater threat to Enlil than is apparent, for he weeps upon hearing the reply, and virtually abdicates his position as lord of the terrestrial sphere, proposing to go with Anu to the heavens.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Combination 107* of the evidence of all these texts leads to the conclusion that it is used for a 'deputy1 or 'agent1, a possible extension from the primary sense of 'chair-bearer'”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The story can be traced through the following stages; after the drought, man again multiplies and probably some further 15. iii.disaster is threatened, for Atrahasis is found, lamenting to Enki, possibly after a dream of what was imminent.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“At Susa the dullu is almost certainly some form of tax, levied in labour, as was frequently done from Middle Babylonian times”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites C.A.D. loc.cit.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The word is supposedly a loan from Sumerian duhsig^, !a board for carrying bricks, a hod1, although this cannot be substantiated except by etymology.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“It denotes, in fact, a backet or other container carried on the head”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites W.G.Lambert, Babylonian Wisdom Literature, p.307
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Literary usage indicates a more general connotation, 'official, agent1 or perhaps 1fore-runner*”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The reading of this line is uncertain; restoration of the latter half is made from k which demands a feminine subject for the verb (tebnfi?Assyrian dialect form for tabnft), supporting the reading ma-mi as the goddess' name, although it has no divine determinative.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since etimmu never refers to a living person it must here be the shade of the slaughtered god which will continue his existence apart from his body”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As 'constable* or 'beadle' (gallu) , he is parallel to Hinurta in this list, which produces two pairs of gods, Anu and Enlil who command, Hinurta and Ennugi who ensure performance.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“gabu It is now certain that this is a verb meaning 'to make a loud noise* and is to be distinguished from £Tabu 'to be silent*”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites W.C. Lambert, Babylonian Wisdom 139.Literature, p.285
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites M. Held, J.C.S. XV (1961) ,p.l4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If this parallelism be deemed correct, then the gugallu of Gilgamesh may be considered erroneous.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The phrases qatu afaazu/ gabatu frequently mean 'to help, assist* (C.A.D. A.1,p.179; pp.31-2), whence this line might indicate unity of action.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites C.A.D. A.1,p.179; pp.31-2
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first few lines probably describe Enlil's setting man to the work which the Igigu had left, although the sense of the first three lines is obscure.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“maturn refers to the inhabited or cultivated land as opposed to the desert or steppe throughout this poem”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A.Heidel, J.N.T2.S. VIII (1949), p.233,n.4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites G.B. Driver, The Babylonian Laws II,p.160
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites H.W.F.Saggs, J.S.S. Ill (1958), pp.72-3
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“If uharrfi is rightly interpreted, this line suggests that the birth-brick was to be put in place at the commencement of a nine-day period of gestation which might be associated with the nine days in the 'Enki and Ninhursag* myth (v.S.N.K. Kramer, Enki and Hinhursag, B.A.S.O.B. Supplementary Studies I (1945), 11.77-85), but the counting of months in v.54 is against this.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites S.N.K. Kramer, Enki and Hinhursag, B.A.S.O.B. Supplementary Studies I (1945), 11.77-85
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Such ghosts were considered to be individually recognisable, A.Heidel, The Gilgamesh Epic ... pp.154-157; H.W.F.Saggs, Paith and Thought XC (1958), pp.167-1 6 8 .”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A.Heidel, The Gilgamesh Epic ... pp.154-157
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites H.W.F.Saggs, Paith and Thought XC (1958), pp.167-1 6 8
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“gfimu is the verb normally found with gimati (K.Tallquist, Assyrische Ghtterepitheta, pp.152-153,222-223).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites K.Tallquist, Assyrische Ghtterepitheta, pp.152-153,222-223
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“While Ennugi is connected with agriculture and irrigation, as his titles &akin eqli and bel iki u palgi, 'tiller of the field1 and ' lord of ditch and channel' show (K.Tallquist, op.cit.<p.3Q5), and therefore gugallu might he apposite, his other title guzalu assigns him a wider sphere of duty.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites K.Tallquist, op.cit.<p.3Q5
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“u-pu-ur With von Soden, this is tentatively associated with aplru 'to adorn the head1”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites von Soden
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Disturbance by noise is also found in Enuma elish 1 .21-6, 37-40 and the text K.3657, abv.i.10-11 published by L.W. King, The Seven Tablets of Creation II, London, 140* 1902,pp.73-4”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites L.W. King, The Seven Tablets of Creation II, London, 140* 1902,pp.73-4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ga-me-e-£a is interpreted as a noun with locative-terminative suffix Ja, a new example of this suffix without mimation”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is a loan-word from Sumerian gal^.la,'police constable' (Q.A.D. G,p.l9), describing a class of demons in Akkadian.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Q.A.D. G,p.l9
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ti-i-ti-iS is perhaps a form of te*ltu 'sustenance', which has various spellings, see Bote on II.i.9*”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“lu 'ox* is frequently employed in similes and metaphors in literary texts as a symbol of strength e.g.lugal.e,I.32jD.D. Luckenbill, The Annals of Sennacherib, Chicago, 1924, p.47*vi.26-27.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites D.D. Luckenbill, The Annals of Sennacherib, Chicago, 1924, p.47*vi.26-27
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“matam ruppugu is employed by Assyrian kings to denote the expansion of their realm through the addition of conquered territory (e.£.D.D. Luckenbill, The Annals of Sennacherib, Chicago, 1924,p.29,ii.32)and here describes the expansion of the cultivated ground to feed the growing population.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites D.D. Luckenbill, The Annals of Sennacherib, Chicago, 1924,p.29,ii.32
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“paqadu has the connotation of arranging and drawing up lists, as well as of caring and superintending, so that it is appropriate to the work of these deities in allocating the destinies of mankind”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites E.A. Speiser, B.A.S.O.R. (49 (1958),pp.17-25
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Apparently they refer to the preparedness of the 'motherwombs' .”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“eg-jraj-ti is usually written with initial i (cf.passages 137.cited in Q.A.D. 7(1/1), p. 261) but in a single instance initial je is found (A.B.M. II.no.113,1.18;there is a possibility that this is a variant of a&ru, 'place', A.R.M.T. XV,p*176)• The meaning appears to be specifically an irrigated or cultivated area from the passages quoted in C.A.D.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Q.A.D. 7(1/1), p. 261
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites A.B.M. II.no.113,1.18
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites A.R.M.T. XV,p*176
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The time may cover, therefore, the period of labour and the days immediately thereafter.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Indeed, it is appropriate to him as a chthonic deity and is .consonantwith his other, almost synonymous epithet, guzalu, 'agent*.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“tabsutam epe£u *to make a midwife* is possibly to be understood as *to act as, do the work of, a midwife*, which finds support in the following action, *they left her womb*.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Presumably the birth of children was related, causing the increase in population mentioned next.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this case a different sense will need to be assigned to uharrfi, perhaps 'will give birth*.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“palu is tentatively explained as a loanword from Sumerian ^^b a l (-pilaqqu, *spindle!, cf. A. Salonen, Die Hausger&te der alten Mesopotamier, Helsinki, 1965, pp.151-4) with the sense of a stick or thin rod of some sort.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A. Salonen, Die Hausger&te der alten Mesopotamier, Helsinki, 1965, pp.151-4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If the verb is na*adu,1 to watch*, an i vowel is expected before the final radical (v.G-.A.G-.Il07,n) so possibly read i-ta-U-du.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The proximity of guzalfl&mu to u gallugunu could give rise to the mistake either through dictation or copying through the similarity of sound.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The words remaining here suggest that the missing part of the column contained instruction in the art of living for the first men.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“d-fca-ar-ru-u may he derived from arft 1 to conceive1 (Hebrew hrfi, although it is not known elsewhere in the II form.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Ishara was the goddess who presided over sexual intercourse, cf.G-ilgamesh, Old Babylonian version, II.v.28, and the cylinder seals with her symbol the scorpion beneath a bed, H. Frankfort, Iraq.I (1934), p.8,n.3.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gilgamesh, Old Babylonian version, II.v.28
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites H. Frankfort, Iraq.I (1934), p.8,n.3
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The simile in these lines shows that a feature of the Tiruru was the movement of the mouth”
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this word is explicable as a verbal-adjective with passive sense, 'something carried away1.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this in turn supports derivation of the name from the root trr/*arr 'to tremble1.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It can be better understood as the negative or vetitive particle aya 'may not1, which is written je before consonants”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites G.A.G. §81.i
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“nissatu 'grief* is perhaps 'despair*”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites M* Held, J.Q.S. XV (1961),pp.16,17
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The subject of this and the next three lines is apparently the corpses of drowned mankind which floated on the flood-water.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although ki is not found in this sense elsewhere before texts of the mid dle-Babylonian period (kima is used in Old Babylonian), the presence of other ^iddie-BabyIonian1 features in this text might permit reoognition of this also”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The intervening jSa a-a°-nu may thus relate to or qualify the _e, and the translation 'May he not come, unlikely as that is,..** could be hazarded on this assumption.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The comparison of the floating corpses? to dragon-flies on the water (iv.6)adds some likelihood to this interpretation”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In its application to the mouth here it may be rendered 'to make, let, twitch*.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“without Nintu's aid, mankind is an aimless crowd, 1 sheep without a shepherd*”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The bit nakmati is the 1 store* or 'treasury*, therefore a secluded place”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Reallexicon fiir Assyriolo&le I,p.181
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites A.R.M. II, 91.5',9f
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since the verbs imlanim, imida, are feminine plural, and the suffering eliSina geriSin, as 181.well, the word Salmatu, 1 corpses1, may have stood earlier in the column”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this sentence Hintu plans to hide herself away, probably in order that her grief may be concealed.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“W. von Soden's suggested ina libbil for ina bikiti can be disregarded in view of the close similarity of the lines”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Z .A .LIII,n.ff.XIX (1959),p.232
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Tentatively it is interpreted as yanu 1 there is not1, although not hitherto recorded in Old Babylonian”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites G.A.G. i8lb
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites O.A.D. 7 (l/J),p.323
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites A.Hwb.,p.411
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“li-e-er-ri is from Eru 'to be bare1 as E.A. Speiser saw (A.N.E.T., p.104; cf.A.Hwb.p.247)”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites E.A. Speiser (A.N.E.T., p.104
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites A.Hwb.p.247
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If 1 .6 .and 1.7 are a pair, then it should belong with 1*4 in describingthe lamentation”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“E could be the ejaculatory particle 'N o ! 1, although this iscnly found in a personal name in the Old Babylonian period”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A.Hwb*, p.l80a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites C.A.D* 4 (E),p.l
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Ellet-^Aya*s hand may have been responsible for another literary text, a poetic story about Naram-Sin.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites J.J. FinhelBtein
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the other hand, the sense of this line may he that it is Enki who really deserves this title.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it could suggest that E was copied from G -***** era or vice-versa”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Perhaps a reference hack to Enki's oath in Il.vii.10'.”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These are sufficient to indicate that it was written by another scribe.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“malik ill is the office in I.i.8,43 etc., and could show that he is the one addressed here.”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“G-.XI.1632 i&-8i nim me^ rabuti mea Ua ^A-nu-um i-pu-Su ki-i su-hi-gu suggests that zu-up-pu may he understood as i« irn .u■ rliQ w u n ii.i l r n ' i '<i<in i i i ■ 11 1H i .1111 ■ 111......... ....... .I n i n V zubbu for zumbu 9 T flies1, ^. e_« the lapis lazuli pendants mentioned in the next line.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hence the form of wa&aru in G.XI.125 is plural, and both that and aS-bi are in the same tense as concomitant events.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“can govern only immerT (this would he in the nominative case if subject of the following verb), so that it is the gods who ffillf the raj^am, which should be some piece or part of the divine residence.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These variations are so slight that it can be stated without doubt that B belongs to the same textual tradition as A, and could even be copied from the same exemplar.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Clearly Ellet-^Aya may have made more than one copy of the Epic.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If this reading is correct, all the cuneiform accounts of the Deluge would he in agreement ahout its duration*”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Alternatively, the tablets may have been copied at random as school exercises.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“G-.XI.129 does not contradict this, for the Babylonians reckoned inclusively, so that cessation during the seventh day would mean that it lasted for seven days”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Harran Inscriptions of Bahonidu^ A.S.VIII (1958), p. 52,11-.26,27,29
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Jet this tablet has no colophon and no total of all the lines at the end, possibly signifying that it was discarded.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
hedgedconditionalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“but most likely is the opinion that both manuscripts came from the hand of the same scribe”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Existence of duplicate copies of Tablet II apparently written by the same man may explain the unexpected date sequence in the colophons.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since the sequel shows that it is lack of offerings which has caused the gods1 hunger and thirst, it could be the means whereby libations were drunk, a 'pipe1 up which they might be sucked, or, in the light of the discussion above, the source from which they flowed into heaven.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is noticeable that 11.19,20 are similar in wording, and express exactly the opposite sense, to 11.6,7 (especially iml&nim ratam; imlSnim naram), and could be a deliberate 'echo1 of them”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If the interpretation of v.3?4 is correct, she here commences a list of self-imprecations lest she permit another catastrophe”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Nintu's selfdeprecatory lament could substantiate the paraphrase 'she had no more spirit in her' here, providing that a-gar is understood as stative where wagrat would be expected”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites G.A.G. 1 132h
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditionalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Elsewhere a ratum may perhaps a 'source* or 'pool'.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Assuming that there were fifty-five lines in iv, twenty-nine have been lost from there and a further twentjr-nine from V, !,•£• fiftyeight lines are missing.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: There were fifty-five lines in Tablet IV.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Texts of the Old Babylonian period from Babylonia proper are usually divided into norther and southern groups.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 3. Errors
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A. Goetze
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites F.R. Kraus
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a-a-nu (III.Ii.51, v-39) ffi&y also fall into this category, contrasting with a~ia.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 3. Errors
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While attribution of unintelligible spellings to error is always dangerous without full knowledge of the circumstances giving rise to the writing, the following examples may he accepted with reasonable assurance”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 3. Errors
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A major criterion for such distinction is the orthography of the manuscripts”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 3. Errors
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A. Goetze
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites F.R. Kraus
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is only in the compilation of lists of this sort that firm grounds for comparison of manuscript with manuscript and subsequent delineation of scribal traditions and territories can be found.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although none of the Ellet-^Aya tablets were found in regular excavations, there is little doubt that they were all discovered at Sippar, modern Abu Habbah.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 3. Errors
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although calculation is impossible, if the tablet originally had two columns on either side and were approximately the size of A”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- The authors state this as an assumption: The tablet originally had two columns on either side and was approximately the size of A.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These differences ■ a in formal arrangement and in script show that it is the product of another scribe.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Without more text available little significance can be attached to this variant which does not alter the 6 s en s e.u”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 192.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The morphology of the language of the major Akkadian literary compositions has been studied in detail by W. von Soden who demonstrated the presence of certain features”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 3. Errors
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites W. von Soden
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Istanbul text, ms.G, although bearing a Nippur registration number, may also have come from Sippar, as did other tablets marked 'Ni' in that M u s e u m .”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 3. Errors
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore it is later in date than p Atrahasis as a whole, but it clearly embodies earlier materials, which could include themes found in Atrahasis.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Enuma elish.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This ironical undertone can be associated with the rather cynical religious attitude of the poet (see §VI below) providing, nonetheless, a skilful method of uniting the parts of the poem.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Understanding of Akkadian poetry has made little
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“its composition is to be dated fairly late in the history of !Babylonian literature, probably towards the end of the second millennium B.C.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Enuma elish.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These two passages are the only examples in 'narrative* texts in the 'Dialekt* (i.e.myths and epics as distinct from hymns and prayers) and may be elapsed as an archaism”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 1. Apocopat ion of pronominal suffixes.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This abbreviated story shares with Atrahasis the concept of Enki as creator of man, possibly from clay (vi), with the purpose of serving the gods (vii).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 227.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Many words Supposedly peculiar to the 'Dialekt1 were listed by von Soden.He noted that the Old Babylonian G-ilgamesh texts did not contain words figuring in the list”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 1. Apocopat ion of pronominal suffixes.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites von Soden
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Column vl of Tablet I seems to describe a pattern of birth which is to be an ideal; column vii of Tablet III recounts the introduction of plague as a means of controlling the populace. Here the first intent of the gods has almost been reversed.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Understanding of Akkadian poetry has made little
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No passage can be juxtaposed depicting the gods well-fed and satisfied, yet just this is the understood purpose in the creation of man.By destroying their creature they harm themselves.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Understanding of Akkadian poetry has made little
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The position of Enki in both poems is similar, his activity in the creation of man is considered under (iv) and (v)*”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Enuma elish.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This means that use of a special vocabulary is restricted to hymnal compositions (including Enuma elish among them), a factor which may be of significance with regard to the dating of their composition, and that of the 211. 'narrative1 texts”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 1. Apocopat ion of pronominal suffixes.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Its language may be characterised as that of a literary narrative as distinct from hymnal writings.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 1. Apocopat ion of pronominal suffixes.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The use of epithets may help the poet to fit his xvords easily into the metre by providing an extra stress where his line is short.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Understanding of Akkadian poetry has made little
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Here there may be an intentional contrast in the gods hearing not the orderly beat of the work-drum as they expected and intended, allowing them to take their ease, but the cacophony 217» of chaos and disturbance through the multiplication of man, actually preventing rest.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Understanding of Akkadian poetry has made little
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One line is of debateable content but may'imply that Nammu had a god killed for the creation”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > It commences by
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the absence of many features K.A.R.4 has some basic ideas common also to Atrahasis, namely^ (ii) the earth cultivated by gods, (iv) the proposal in council to make man, (v) man to be made from the blood of dead gods, (vii) man provides for the gods.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Enuma elish.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Enuma elish agrees with Atrahasis in requiring the death of a god before the substitute can be made, and in depicting Enki as the originator of this idea*”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Enuma elish.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The factual additions in G.XI. (para.4) could be derived from a different text tradition to that of A”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“His only strong argument rests on the use of Atrahasis in G.XI,187 which is now regarded as simply an epithet, demonstrating the dependency of G.XI, on the Atrahasis Epic, according to Laess^e^0”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Laess^e^0
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The secondary nature of the tale as included in G.XI. has been recognised by many 11 scholars.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [11] 11. a fable, WIG-,Lambert, BjBjuL.pp. 155-157,pis. 39,40; a prayer to Marduk, C .T , XLIV, no.21; another prayer, C.T.XLIV,no.22; a 'Lover's Dialogue*, k. Held, J. C.S,XV(1961 ) ,pp. 1 * = 26, first edited by W. von Soden,JL*JLXL1X,n.F.XV( 1960),pp. 151 " 194; a fragment of a dialogue (?) CkT. XLVI, pi. XL, no. 44.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sumerian-Akkadian tradition enshrined an account of one flood more disastrous than all others from which only one man escaped alive.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > It commences by
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In no instance can the variations found be claimed as major differences demanding the hypothesis of a separate line of descent for each of the two texts A. and G.XI, at most they suggest a revision of A. by the 'editor1 of G.XI, incorporating some material not found in A. (notably the hero's appellation Uta-napishtim).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“khile lower Mesopotamis is exceptionally liable to severe flooding1”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > It commences by
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 1. They set fire to their tools 11. They brought (?)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Section (ii) has shown that A, cannot be derived directly from the Sumerian Deluge text, but that both may share a common ancestor.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Enuma elish has many points in common with Atrahasis and could have borrowed from it, being later in date; B.l has many identical themes; 0.2 tells almost the same story.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > It commences by
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This led to the conclusion that the Akkadian Atrahasis Epic is not derived from the Sumerian story as exhibited in that text -or vice-versabut that both stem from one tradition (ch.5).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A further argument for the primacy of A. may be derived from consideration of the purpose of the stories.The A. account is an integral part of the Atrahasis Epic, in G.XI. the narrative of the Flood is an aside, an explanation of how Atrahasis obtained his immortality.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the evidence of the few texts available the nature of this connection cannot be stated categorically, but as a strong probability, namely that the Flood narrative of Gilgamesh XI.Is borrowed from Atrahasis.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While, therefore, A. could be a version of the Sumerian account, the fact that the earlier sections differ so much that only a common ancestor may be posited suggests that the same situation obtains here.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The existence of a literary topos drawn upon by the editor of G.XI, but, of course, the prayer could have borrowed from G.XI.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites K.4614,C.I.U.A.IV.28,2a,11.18,19
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites S. Langdon
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditionalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The grounds for Laessp'ds suggestion, apart from the use of Atrahasis in one line, G.XI,187, have been shown to be the result of archaelogical accident, they would not have received any attention had the.whole of ms, F been available to him.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Laessp'ds
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Specific association of the hero with Shuruppak cannot count as an argument for limited location of the disaster because Atrahasis plainly lived somewhere (cf.ch.7l5,p.), and the King-List implies a break in rulership throughout Sumer.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites King-List
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additions such as Puzur-Amurri and Mintu*s necklace may be drawn from traditions unrelated to the Flood story”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The elaborations upon the description of the boatfs building, of the warning riddle, and of the means to reduce manfs numbers, in several parallel phrases, suggest expansion of a briefer original, although such a judgement can only be subjective.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There must be some close connection between all three accounts and Atrahasis, and our poem may be considered a translation or adaptation of a Sumerian tale very similar to 0.2, if not identical with it*”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > It commences by
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In G.XI. Atrahasis himself is relating how he obtained immortality, therefore an explanation of the cause of the Flood is unnecessary for, while involving Atrahasis, it was not relevant to the inquiry of Gilgamesh.The brief statement that 1 the gods resolved to send a flood' (G.XI.14) provides sufficient-introduction.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A. would appear* to preserve a simpler text in this instance.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > It commences by
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On 258* the other hand the existence of several Old Babylonian copies of parts of the Atrahasis Epic suggests that it was wellknown at that period and may therefore be a composition of an earlier epoch, or the very beginning of that one.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The great list of Sumerian Kings, probably first composed 20 c _ .2100 B.C., originally began with the First Dynasty of Kish which followed the Flood.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites M.B.Rowton
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites T. Jacobsen
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“G-.XI.19 is thus seen to be separate from lines 15-18 in its form.This difference and the identity of the preceding lines with A.l.i.7^10 could be considered sufficient evidence for an assumption of adaptation of the atrahasis passage by the writer of G.XI.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > It commences by
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thirdly, the Babylonian thinkers may have held that the situation was so different in the ante-diluvian age that it was Irrelevant to their beliefs.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several factors are likely to have softened the harsh outline drawn above, a picture according rather with the view of a Hebrew prophet than a Babylonian sage.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Here it is recognised as a part of the body of tradition, so strong in ancient Mesopotamia, of one Flood more terrible and destructive than all others.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If it is the latter which is correct, then the text must have omitted to recount the plagues, probably on the ground that they did not interrupt the sequence of rulers and kingdoms as did the Flood.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 5. The Identity of Atrahasis.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since the list of kings is uninterrupted from the first preserved name, Enmengalanna, the fourth ruler, onwards, this incident could be either the first occasion of Enlil's disturbance, or the arousing of his final fury which culminated in the Deluge.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 5. The Identity of Atrahasis.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“(As comparative evidence, the Hebrew tradition may be introduced against the hypothesis (Genesis 6. 1-4).Only a short period may there be envisaged (120 years) between God's first wrath at the sins of multiplying mankind and the Flood.)”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 5. The Identity of Atrahasis.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Genesis 6. 1-4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Secondly, man was hardly responsible for his natural increase, so that the visitation was unfair, as Enki implied in his rebuke to Enlil, 'on the sinner lay his sin ... 1(III.vi.18-25, cf.G-ilgamesh XI, 178-185).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gilgamesh XI, 178-185
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is slightly more likelihood in the hypothesis that Atrahasis was a title or epithet applied to several rulers.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 5. The Identity of Atrahasis.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“He concluded that the 'assembly* (unkin, pubrum) held sovereign power and 'was called when a crises would 33 threaten the community1 to combine experience and concert energies for the relief of the situation.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T. Jacobsen
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Falkenstein has suggested that the ruler was originally a religious functionary, residing in the god*s sanctuary.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Falkenstein
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus both Jacobsen's thesis and Falkenstein*s have truth in them”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“so that Enki may be seen to be demonstrating through his advice the effect the plagues would have eventually, that is the cessation of all sustenance.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If he enjoyed general recognition as a divine spokesman the community may ha.ve expected his help in a moment of divine visitation, and likewise that of a , 'king' at a time of political unrest or hostile invasion.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Firstljr, the distress was primarily the result of Enlil* s discomfort, and since he had charge of the earth, he could do as he pleased there, with restrictions only on complete destruction”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The introduction to the List is the same in both sections, implying an entirely new start after the Flood.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary, Atrahasis appears to be a priest-king who mediates the will of the god(s) to the people, who have but to obey.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Atrahasis held the sort of position Falkenstein described, that of a religious functionary residing in the god's sanctuary, although he is never entitled En.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Alternatively, if the first 1200 year span is regarded as the interval between the creation of man and the first visitation, there is a direct contradiction between the Epic and Its sources and the King Lists.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If the former alternative is correct there is no place for the passage of time between the first visitation and the Flood indicated in the Epic, apart from the span of the reign of ZiUsudra -Atrahasis, who is then one person in both Epic and Lists.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 5. The Identity of Atrahasis.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“to say that the first plague occurred 1,200 years after the appearance of man, the second 1,200 years later, the third after a similar interval, and then the Flood, it may conceal under Atrahasis the several rulers known from the King List, while tacitly rejecting its chronology.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 5. The Identity of Atrahasis.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This is arguable from the fact that the epics centred on G-ilgamesh or other early, post-diluvian Sumerian heroes disclose closely similar situations on earth.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gilgamesh
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“If necessary, a leader could be chosen for qualities of administrative ability or good judgement in an internal, economic crisis, or of martial prowess on occasion of attack from outside.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T. Jacobsen
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If the politico-social organisation visible in the Atrahasis Epic can be considered to represent actual patterns of existence, it may be that the same is true in the religious sphere.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It may be that this introduction (nam.lugalan.ta e^.de.a.ba, *king-ship came down from heaven1) was original to the post-diluvian list, its appearance at the head of the pre-Flood list being an attempt at harmony 25 within the whole.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 28.1
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Eventually one of these 'leaders' retained the power entrusted to him for a limited spell and became sole ruler,”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T. Jacobsen
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, were there such a practice in the society exhibited in the Epic, it has not passed into the literary tradition, for the elders do not approach Atrahasis first, nor, as remarked, is there any consultation between them.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The general situation finds a close similarity in the Israelite nation under Moses or Samuel.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > 6. 'Political Organization' In The Atrahasis Epic.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The basic meaning indicated for gussuku is *to reverse an established order*, applied in the abstract to the removal or revocation of taxes, and literally to the throwing over of inscribed monuments”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites G-.B. Driver, op.cit.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites B. Landsberger, J.C.S. VIII (1954) p . 3 2, n .10
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Outlines of persons or objects were traced in flour in the course of some magical rites (jcf.C.A.D. 4(E),p.346)and a circle of flour had protective powers against evil demons.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites C.A.D. 4(E),p.346
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The name of this god is usually written pa.ku(A.Deimel, Pantheon Babylonicum, Rome, 1914,no.2367)which is explained as ri-^-d a-kil te-e-mi mu-£a~pu-d ... on the basis pa:aklu, &upu, ku:tema» but ri^u: pa+lu”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A.Deimel, Pantheon Babylonicum, Rome, 1914,no.2367
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“This rendering is confirmed by the equation gabsutum: mu&alittu,malku:£arru I.127(A.Braffkorn-Kilmer, J.A.Q.S. LXXXIII (1963),p.426).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A.Braffkorn-Kilmer, J.A.Q.S. LXXXIII (1963),p.426
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Ihe um rimki was also the same mad arlier, in the divine council, and'not preserved in the Old Babylonian texts, but found fin the day as the um kispi the 1day of funeral meals' (S.Langdon, Babylonian Menologies and Semitic Calendars, London, 1935,p#148”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites S.Langdon, Babylonian Menologies and Semitic Calendars, London, 1935,p#148
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Reminiscences of the story may underlie tales of a flood preserved in Anatolia until classical times and finding their final reduction in Ovid's Metamorphoses I.318ff*”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ovid's Metamorphoses I.318ff
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While Atrahasis was known throughout Babylonia, it was not limited to that region.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is the tenor of the Epic, that the Igigu are the agents working out the schemes of the Anunnaku.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“W. von Soden has advanced the translation 'nursemaid* for the former largely on the basis of that passage and this (v.E.E.Weidner, A.f.0.XVII (1954-6), p.268, 1.11; W. von Soden, A.f.0 .XVIII (1957-8),pp.120-1).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites W. von Soden, A.f.0 .XVIII (1957-8),pp.120-1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“the urn rimki being the twenty-eighth or twenty-ninth day of the month, and the um telilti the first (B.Landsberger,op.cit.pp.75,n.6 ,143-145).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites B.Landsberger,op.cit.pp.75,n.6 ,143-145
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“A second nepiffu is * ingot* in Old Assyrian texts (M.Held, J.B.L. LXXXIV (1965),p*277,n*23).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites M.Held, J.B.L. LXXXIV (1965),p*277,n*23
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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In the paper
“Conjunction of qadigtu and tabsutu is also found in the Harem Edict of Ashur -uballit I (_c.1362-1327 B.C.) and W. von Soden has advanced the translation 'nursemaid* for the former largely on the basis of that passage and this”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites E.E.Weidner, A.f.0.XVII (1954-6), p.268, 1.11
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The relationship of the two groups is discussed by W. von Soden in Compte Rendu de i fXI-Rencontre Assyriologique, Leiden, 1964, pp.104-6, with the conclusion that they were not considered separate in the Old Babylonian period, an opinion borne out by this text in which the Anunnaki seem to be superior within the Igigu”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites W. von Soden in Compte Rendu de i fXI-Rencontre Assyriologique, Leiden, 1964, pp.104-6
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These hints belong to a separate study, but emphasise the wider importance of the Epic of Atrahasis.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The god has been identified with the planet Mercury, H. and J. Lewy, Or.N.S.XVII (1948), pp.146-159”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites H. and J. Lewy, Or.N.S.XVII (1948), pp.146-159
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The action of the herald was SisTtu, 'proclamation1, v. G.E. Driver, loo.cit.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites G.E. Driver, loo.cit.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These rites refer to mourning and death, and to the cleansing of the living from any pollution sustained through involvement therewith.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, the appropriate purification is prescribed for the gods who slaughter one of their number.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The Sumerian lu.ulil from which it is borrowed is equated simply with amelu and ni£u in lexical texts (A.Beimel, S.L.,n o .330.25”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A.Beimel, S.L.,n o .330.25
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“libaSma may be derived either from ba^u, 'to be shamed* (I.l) or from ba*a&u, 'to stink*.While the second verb might apply to sacrifices, it is not otherwise attested before the Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian periods, 'he will be shamed* is therefore preferred.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“itti, 'in the power o f , is documented in C.A.B. I/J, P*303f”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites C.A.B. I/J, P*303f
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The object of Tsgir can only be ki ma, signs susceptible of only one reading, qrd-ma * flour*, unless the kxmu, 'Korperteil* given by C. Bezold, Baby1 onisch-assyrisches Glossar, Heidelberg, 1926, p.134b, can be substantiated.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites C. Bezold, Baby1 onisch-assyrisches Glossar, Heidelberg, 1926, p.134b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“nepigu is an abstract noun, 1 action, procedure* (.£.£.A.R.M.l.XV,p.233;O.Neugebauer and A. Sachs, Mathematical Cuneiform Texts, New Haven, 1945, p.169), and in a technical sense, fritual* (C.A.B.4 (E),p.213).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites C.A.B.4 (E),p.213
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“There is another nepiiou, a piece of equipment employed in sieges (Sir E.A. Wallis Budge and L.W. King, The Annals of the Kings of Assyria, London, 1902, p.379,1.111”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Sir E.A. Wallis Budge and L.W. King, The Annals of the Kings of Assyria, London, 1902, p.379,1.111
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The Anunnaki are given a similar title in the first line of the Old Babylonian legend of A Etana, ra-bu-tum a-nun-na gla-i-mu sfi-im-tim, 'The great Anunnaki who determine fate ...' (A.I.Clay, A Hebrew Deluge Story.., Pis.III,VII).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A.I.Clay, A Hebrew Deluge Story.., Pis.III,VII
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“ragli has been shown to be a verb of motion by W.G-. Lambert, Journal of Jewish Studies V (1954),pp.40-41”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites W.G-. Lambert, Journal of Jewish Studies V (1954),pp.40-41
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Another body of literature with which Atrahasis may be compared is the Hebrew.While no strife of gods or execution:.isfound therein, man is made from clay to tend the earth and worship, and the account develops with a rebellious mankind eventually causing the Flood.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The meaning of £absutum, 'midwife*, has been established by W. von Soden, A.f.0.XVIII (1957-8),pp.119-121.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites W. von Soden, A.f.0.XVIII (1957-8),pp.119-121
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Nusku was vizier of Enlil (1.30;cf .K.Tallqvist, Akkadische Gotterepitheta, p.433; in a literary composition, the *Story of the Seven Evil Demons*, Q.T. XVI.20.112-115) and as such is entitled 1 keeper of the secrets of Enlil* in an incantation from the series bit meseri”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites K.Tallqvist, Akkadische Gotterepitheta, p.433
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“&upgik ill is the equivalent of the dulli ill in Enuma elish VI.8 .”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“lullu is a generic term for humankind, withtthe specific connotation of uncivilised man in many Akkadian texts (A.L.Oppenheim,Or.H.S .XVII (1948),pp.25-26”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A.L.Oppenheim,Or.H.S .XVII (1948),pp.25-26
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The simile of the woman in travail is frequent in Ugaritic and Hebrew in descrixotions of distress, see £.E.Hillers, Z.A.T.W. LXXVII (1965)?pp.86-90.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites £.E.Hillers, Z.A.T.W. LXXVII (1965), pp.86-90
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“ellu is used especially of ritually pure beasts (references in C.A.D. ©» p.103) while kabru”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites C.A.D. ©, p.103
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The babu is presumably the entrance of Atrahasis* dwelling, identified with Enki's shrine in the Has Shamra fragment (J.Nougayrol, Qomptes Bendus de I'Academie des Inscriptions et Belies Lettres, I960,p.170)”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites J.Nougayrol, Qomptes Bendus de I'Academie des Inscriptions et Belies Lettres, I960,p.170
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The use of petu indicates that the vessel was covered in some way.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This story has little in common with Atrahasis except for the creation of Man with the aid of the Mother-goddess•”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Complete sealing of the vessel is intended.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“33* kupru is 1 dry bitumen' for plugging the seams of a boat according to E.G. Thompson, Dictionary of Assyrian Chemistry and Geology, p.42.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites E.G. Thompson, Dictionary of Assyrian Chemistry and Geology, p.42
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These observations and comparisons show that the Atrahasis Epic has several features of the 'Dialekt* described by W. von Soden, but lacks the more unusual or uncommon of them”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The other known Babylonian Creation Stories are all either written in Sumerian or are bi-lingual or are Akkadian texts with Sumerian content and 8 therefore almost certainly originally written in Sumerian”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus there is no need to see evidence of two versions of the G-ilgamesh story with Enki (or Enlil) fore-telling the flood in 36-47 and Shamash in 86-90”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The ominous nature of the sign is further indicated by the setting of its occurrence by Shamash, the god of omens and extispicy”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites V.K. Tallquist, Akkadische Gotterepitheta, p.42
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“KaSugu apparently denotes the might of a conqueror or eli [niSe i-bTa-a -u [ka-^u-Sul 171.irresistible force and as such is used of the power of a god”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Codex Hammurabi, rev.xxviii.24-26,29-34
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the fact that reference to animals entering the boat was made in all other extant Akkadian fragments gives some reason for finding here adjectives describing animals”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“&aqalu patam is interpreted in the same way as ffaqalu zunna in Il.i.ll, see Note on that line.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although only one third of the text survive, it is sufficient to show that it originally contained a 'history of mankind from his creation until the Flood (cf.Gh.VI i (ii) 20 and ch.VII).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One believed to refer to the creation of man may not do so 16 at all.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From these comparisons it appears that three of the seven major features of Atrahasis have close slmilaritiesiin Enuma elish; (i) the divine triad, (iv)creation of a substitute from a dead god is proposed by Bnki, (vi) the gods rest, man providing their needs.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The seven major features of Atrahasis are a valid basis for comparing it with other creation stories.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this line it denotes the overwhelming force of the flood as an invincible army*”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Sumerian name may mean 1 4 fwho gained long life1 or 'who made life long*.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The whiting foa-si-is reveals that the second syllable is long, so that the word cannot be a participle (i..e, basis)^, but if it is a noun in the absolute form, its relationship to the noun atra^w/, atar is difficult to define, as von Soden has shown.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites von Soden
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Uta-napistim is 12. V/.G-.Lambert, B.W.L., pp.92-95.probably an Akkadian version of the Sumerian Zinsudra, and”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a source for knowledge of very early political and religious situations it has a unique place; it illuminates a position already known from other texts increasing and altering to some extent the current comprehension of those developments.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Any explanation of the second element is problematic if hypothesis (a) is accepted*”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The use of Atrahasis to designate the hero in Enki's defence of his action in saving him from the Flood could thus itself he the reason for the appellation, the one saved was 'exceeding devout' and so worthy to live (G-ilgamesh XI. 187, see also 2 below).”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ziusudra and Ut(a)-napigtim were the names by which the hero of the Flood was know to later generations.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Grammatically these words may be ■ -m -pTa>iwri r m a n MIHMmffBIH V v either (a) accusative and construct forms respectively of the noun atru(m) 1 extra, more'^ (according to von Soden the first might also be a construct, as in Old Akkadian, see above), or (b) the stative of the verb (w)ataru, Q 'to excel, exceed', in the ventive and unaugmented forms *”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the only place where it occurs, the Flood has passed and Enlil is bestowing immortality upon the hero and his wife, this is the earliest moment upon which the name could become actuality (11.193-195)•”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a witness to this tradition, the Atrahasis Epic has a major place by reason of its antiquity and its length.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Naturally, the fact that the hero himself was the narrator reduces the opportunity for introduction of his name.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, the figure in the Epic may allude to more than one person under this epithet, representing several ante-diluvian chiefs.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > The Atrahasis Epic as the primary Akkadian narrative
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even on the basis of possibility (b) it is necessary to construe hasis as a noun in the absolute state.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The root b&s and its derivat ves frequently imply devotion or 11 respect.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [11] 11. a fable, WIG-,Lambert, BjBjuL.pp. 155-157,pis. 39,40; a prayer to Marduk, C .T , XLIV, no.21; another prayer, C.T.XLIV,no.22; a 'Lover's Dialogue*, k. Held, J. C.S,XV(1961 ) ,pp. 1 * = 26, first edited by W. von Soden,JL*JLXL1X,n.F.XV( 1960),pp. 151 " 194; a fragment of a dialogue (?) CkT. XLVI, pi. XL, no. 44.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Form (i) 10 may employ the ventive, with the sense of 'self-ward* , 7* Assuming that the element is formed from the root wtr* 8. TAR may be read tara in neo-Assyrian (K.Deller, Or, N.S. ( ),p. ) but such a reading cannot be proven here.^a-tara could stand for atar-a or atara and would not help to solve the problem, 9* So I.J.Gelb, Bib.Or.XII(1955)sp.108;notice, however, personal names such as ^Sul”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: The element is formed from the root wtr.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“How it can be seen that devotion, to Enki especially, is the characteristic of the hero in the Sumerian 'Deluge' text, in the Atrahasis Epic where it is he alone who converses with the god (also in G-ilgamesh XI), and, in the fragment form Ugarit, he lives in the shrine of Enki.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whereas the Sumerian 'Deluge1 text refers to the hero throughout as Ziiisudra (and is thus technically guilty of an anachronism on our understanding of the name's significance), it is notable that such a prolepsis is not found in the G-ilgamesh XI Flood Story.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In whatever way the formation of the elements of the name is explained, its general meaning is not in doubt (unless the identification of the roots.Is disputed, see n.7*)*”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It implies that the bearer was unusually endowed with the quality of basis, While this is usually rendered 'wise, understanding1 (see n.5) in this name, a more closely-defined nuance may apply when it is used of the Flood-hero.”
§ 1 p if 1 pw • r * w iT m 4 v < i k T n * * > Additional information
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The text under discussion is the Atrahasis Epic.
“Tablet I of Atrahasis is not a sequel to the bilingual story”
The paper relies on this without support.
The broken lines can be restored by comparison with other texts.
“Restoration is made by comparison with Gilgamesh III,i.19”
The paper relies on this without support.
The lexical series are reliable for determining Akkadian meanings.
“In the lexical series BrimhuS it is listed with civic' functionaries”
The paper relies on this without support.
The duplicate list in Gilgamesh XI is a parallel to Atrahasis.
“The composition of the divine government is the same as that in G-ilgamesh XI.15-rl8.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The signs in the manuscript are correctly read despite damage.
“However, the abrasion at the bottom of the column allows some doubt in the reading of the signs.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
There were fifty-five lines in Tablet IV.
“Assuming that there were fifty-five lines in iv”
The authors state this as an assumption.
These lines (viii.8-19) contain a hymn of praise to Enki.
“These lines are assumed to contain a hymn of praise to Enki”
The paper relies on this without support.
The two lines iv.43-44 belong together metrically.
“the two lines belong together metrically”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The tablet originally had two columns on either side and was approximately the size of A.
“if the tablet originally had two columns on either side and were approximately the size of A”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The distinction of a 'narrative' from a 'hymnal' mode of expression may be assumed on vocabulary grounds, at least.
“The distinction of a 'narrative* from a 'hymnal* mode of expression may be assumed on vocabulary grounds, at least.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
An Old Babylonian equivalent of the 'canonical' Eleventh Tablet, if discovered, would not differ very greatly from that text.
“It can be assumed, therefore, that should an Old Babylonian equivalent of the 1 canonical' Eleventh Tablet ever be discovered, it would not differ very greatly from that text.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Atrahasis held the sort of position Falkenstein described, that of a religious functionary residing in the god's sanctuary, although he is never entitled En.
“Although he is never entitled En, it may be assumed that Atrahasis held the sort of position Falkenstein described.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The damaged traces in the manuscripts are sufficient to determine the readings proposed.
“There is no doubt thatthe first sign is ki and, therefore, that G.XI.31 should readfkjj-ma ap-si-i &a-a-&i gu-ul-lil-Si”
The paper relies on this without support.
The seven major features of Atrahasis are a valid basis for comparing it with other creation stories.
“From these comparisons it appears that three of the seven major features of Atrahasis have close slmilaritiesiin Enuma elish”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The same basis of reckoning applies to the King Lists and the Atrahasis Epic.
“assuming the same basis of reckoning”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The element is formed from the root wtr.
“Assuming that the element is formed from the root wtr*”
Citations
Cites
The publisher hasn’t deposited this paper’s reference list.
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- [7]7. Enlil, your house is surrounded, 27. War has come to your gate.1 ' * 3 j | i - 15-Studies In Akkadian Grammar, Chicago, 1 939,pp.71 -74.
- [8]8. * o£.'L. MatouS, Ar.Or. XXIXfl961),pp.30-34;
- [10]10. Among the many texts published since von Soden*s study was printed are: two tablets of Zu from Susa, J. Nongayrol,R.A. XLVI(1952),pp.87-97; parts of the G-ilgamesh cycle from Ishjali, T.Bauer,J.N.E.S. XVI(1957),pp.254-262, from Tell Harmal, J.J, van Dyk, Sumer XIII(1957),p.66,pi.12, in the British Museum, A.R, Millard, Iraq XXVI(1964)«pp.99-105, and C .T . XLVI,pi.XXVIII,no.16; a tablet about Sargon of Agade, J. Nougayrol,R.A. XLV(1951),pp.169-183; a wisdom text J. Nougayrol,RjB^LIxTl 952) ,pp. 239-250;
- [11]11. a fable, WIG-,Lambert, BjBjuL.pp. 155-157,pis. 39,40; a prayer to Marduk, C .T , XLIV, no.21; another prayer, C.T.XLIV,no.22; a 'Lover's Dialogue*, k. Held, J. C.S,XV(1961 ) ,pp. 1 * = 26, first edited by W. von Soden,JL*JLXL1X,n.F.XV( 1960),pp. 151 " 194; a fragment of a dialogue (?) CkT. XLVI, pi. XL, no. 44.
- [12]12. J.N.E.S. XIX (1960),pp.166-171.
- [19]19. PTLandsberger and J.V.Kinnfcer Wilson,J.N.E.S. XX (1961) ,pp 154-79 for Tablet V. " ~Gilgamesh R.Campbell Thompson,The Epic of Gilgarnish, Oxford,1930, W.von Soaen,2uA. Bill,n.E.XIX (1959),pp.209- 235 for additional comments and bibliography*
- [20]20. Erra Epic E.Gossmann-Oesa.Das Era-Epos.Wurzburg,1956,, B.Kienaat.Z.A. IIV,n.P.5X (1961),pp.244-49, review and additions to Gossman.
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Evolution in the law of transport noise in England
Simona, J., Rossell, J. M., Sánchez-Roemmele, X., & Vallbé, M. (2021) · Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.trd.2021.103050 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Millard, A. R.
- Corresponding author
- Millard, Alan Ralph
- Venue
- SOAS University of London
- Publisher
- SOAS University of London
- Published
- 1966
- OpenAlex
- W2905522314
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2021: 1
- Type
- dissertation
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- SOAS Research Online (SOAS University of London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Center for International and Regional Studies (Georgetown University) (acceptedVersion)
- SOAS Research Online (SOAS University of London)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Ancient Near East History
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Biblical Studies and Interpretation
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Linguistics, Cultural Analysis
- Keywords
- Babylonian literature, creation of man, Epic of Gilgamesh, Enuma Elish, Hebrew tradition, cuneiform tablets
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