CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 30Climate Change and Health ImpactsFecal contamination and water qualityPublic Health and Environmental Issues

Impact of climate change on waterborne infections and intoxications

Open access
Dupke, Susanne, Buchholz, Udo, Fastner, Jutta, Förster, Christina, Frank, Christina, Lewin, Astrid, Rickerts, Volker, Selinka, Hans-Christoph·2023·Robert Koch-Institut
DOI 10.25646/11402PMC PMC10278370
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

concentrations. In nutrient-rich water bodies, increased concentrations of toxigenic cyanobacteria may occur as temperatures rise. Heavy rainfall following storms or prolonged periods of heat and drought can lead to increased levels of human pathogenic viruses being washed into water bodies. Rising temperatures also pose a potential threat to human health through pathogens causing mycoses and facultatively pathogenic micro-organisms: increased infection rates with non-tuberculous mycobacteria or fungi have been documented after extreme weather events.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

DataCite · 10.25646/11402

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Extreme heat can affect human mental health outcomes across a continuum of severity, from subclinical to life-altering.

    “Extreme heat can affect human mental health outcomes across a continuum of severity, from subclinical to life-altering.102,142–147”

    From The 2024 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: facing record-breaking threats from delayed action (2024) · cites this paper as [142]

    The Introduction and Conclusion and outlook discuss heat and climate change in relation to waterborne infections, not mental health. Searches for extreme heat, mental health, and psychological or psychiatric effects found no passage addressing the claimed range of mental health outcomes. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet

References 38 · Cited by 30

Research works printed but not linked: 43

  1. [2]Fleischmann S Herrig I Wesp J. (2022) Prevalence and distribution of potentially human pathogenic Vibrio spp. on German North and Baltic Sea Coasts. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 12: 846819 35937704 PMC9355094
  2. [4]Vu TTT Alter T Huehn S (2018) Prevalence of Vibrio spp. in retail seafood in Berlin, Germany. J Food Prot 81(4): 593– 597 29517352
  3. [5]Dietrich J Hammerl JA Johne A. (2023) Impact of climate change on foodborne infections and intoxications. J Health Monit 8(S3): 78– 92. www.rki.de/jhealthmonit-en (As at 01.06.2023) PMC10278375 37342431
  4. [6]Brehm TT Berneking L Rohde H. (2020) Wound infection with Vibrio harveyi following a traumatic leg amputation after a motorboat propeller injury in Mallorca, Spain: Acase report and review of literature. BMC Infect Dis 20(1): 104 32019500 PMC7001194
  5. [7]Hecht J Borowiak M Fortmeier B. (2022) Case Report: Vibrio fluvialis isolated from a wound infection after a piercing trauma in the Baltic Sea. Access Microbiol 4(1): 000312 35252751 PMC8895609
  6. [8]Brehm TT Berneking L Sena Martins M. (2021) Heatwave-associated Vibrio infections in Germany, 2018 and 2019. Euro Surveill 26(41): 2002041. 34651572 PMC8518310
  7. [9]Brehm TT Dupke S Hauk G. (2021) Non-cholera Vibrio species – Currently still rare but growing danger of infection in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Internist (Berl) 62(8): 876– 886 34269833 PMC8283098
  8. [10]Meyer HL Polan C Burggraf M. (2022) “The Baltic Sea Germ”: A case report of necrotizing fasciitis following Vibrio vulnificus infection. Case Rep Orthop 2022: 5908666 35371575 PMC8967550
  9. [11]Metelmann C Metelmann B Grundling M. (2020) Vibrio vulnificus, an increasing threat of sepsis in Germany? Anaesthesist 69(9): 672– 678 32620988
  10. [12]Sunderkötter C Becker K Eckmann C. (2019) Haut- und Weichgewebeinfektionen. In: Paul-Ehrlich-Gesellschaft für Chemotherapie e. V. (eds) S2k Leitlinie: Kalkulierte parenterale Initialtherapie bakterieller Erkrankungen bei Erwachsenen – Update 2018, P. 173– 227. https://register.awmf.org/de/leitlinien/detail/082–006 (As at 06.01.2023) 30920745
  11. [13]Meier HEM Dieterich C Gröger M (2021) Natural variability is a large source of uncertainty in future projections of hypoxia in the Baltic Sea. Commun Earth Environ 2(50): 1– 13
  12. [14]Baker-Austin C Oliver JD (2018) Vibrio vulnificus: New insights into a deadly opportunistic pathogen. Environ Microbiol 20(2): 423– 430 29027375
  13. [15]Prussin AJ 2nd Schwake DO Marr LC (2017) Ten questions concerning the aerosolization and transmission of Legionella in the built environment. Build Environ 123: 684– 695 29104349 PMC5665586
  14. [16]Walser SM Gerstner DG Brenner B. (2014) Assessing the environmental health relevance of cooling towers – A systematic review of legionellosis outbreaks. Int J Hyg Environ Health 217(2–3): 145– 154 24100053
  15. [17]Ricketts KD Joseph CA Lee JV. (2012) Wet cooling systems as a source of sporadic Legionnaires’ disease: A geographical analysis of data for England and Wales, 1996–2006. J Epidemiol Community Health 66(7): 618– 623. 21296905
  16. [18]Jernigan DB Hofmann J Cetron MS (1996) Outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease among cruise ship passengers exposed to a contaminated whirlpool spa. Lancet 347(9000): 494– 499 8596266
  17. [19]Buchholz U Jahn HJ Brodhun B. (2020) Source attribution of community-acquired cases of Legionnaires’ disease-results from the German LeTriWa study; Berlin, 2016–2019. PLoS One 15(11): e0241724 33237924 PMC7688155
  18. [20]Den Boer JW Euser SM Brandsema P. (2015) Results from the National Legionella Outbreak Detection Program, the Netherlands, 2002–2012. Emerg Infect Dis 21(7): 1167– 1173. 26079594 PMC4480379
  19. [21]Sakamoto R (2015) Legionnaire’s disease, weather and climate. Bull World Health Organ 93(6): 435– 436 26240466 PMC4450703
  20. [22]von Baum H Harter G Essig A. (2010) Preliminary report: Outbreak of Legionnaires disease in the cities of Ulm and Neu-Ulm in Germany, December 2009 – January 2010. Euro Surveill 15(4): 19472 20122385
  21. [23]Maisa A Brockmann A Renken F. (2015) Epidemiological investigation and case-control study: A Legionnaires’ disease outbreak associated with cooling towers in Warstein, Germany, August-September 2013. Euro Surveill 20(46): pii=30046 26607018
  22. [24]von Baum H Ewig S Marre R. (2008) Community-acquired Legionella pneumonia: New insights from the German competence network for community acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 46(9): 1356– 1364 18419436
  23. [25]Phin N Parry-Ford F Harrison T. (2014) Epidemiology and clinical management of Legionnaires’ disease. Lancet Infect Dis 14(10): 1011– 1021 24970283
  24. [26]Brandsema PS Euser SM Karagiannis I. (2014) Summer increase of Legionnaires’ disease 2010 in the Netherlands associated with weather conditions and implications for source finding. Epidemiol Infect 142(11): 2360– 2371 24576486 PMC9151314
  25. [27]Fisman DN Lim S Wellenius GA. (2005) It’s not the heat, it’s the humidity: Wet weather increases legionellosis risk in the greater Philadelphia metropolitan area. J Infect Dis 192(12): 2066– 2073 16288369
  26. [28]Kanatani JI Watahiki M Kimata K. (2021) Detection of Legionella species, the influence of precipitation on the amount of Legionella DNA, and bacterial microbiome in aerosols from outdoor sites near asphalt roads in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. BMC Microbiol 21(1): 215 34273946 PMC8285874
  27. [29]Karagiannis I Brandsema P van der Sande M (2009) Warm, wet weather associated with increased Legionnaires’ disease incidence in The Netherlands. Epidemiol Infect 137(2): 181– 187 18631425
  28. [30]Beaute J Sandin S Uldum SA. (2016) Short-term effects of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and rainfall on notification rate of community-acquired Legionnaires’ disease in four European countries. Epidemiol Infect 144(16): 3483– 3493 27572105 PMC5111125
  29. [31]Han XY (2021) Effects of climate changes and road exposure on the rapidly rising legionellosis incidence rates in the United States. PLoS One 16(4): e0250364 33886659 PMC8061983
  30. [32]van Heijnsbergen E de Roda Husman AM Lodder WJ. (2014) Viable Legionella pneumophila bacteria in natural soil and rainwater puddles. J Appl Microbiol 117(3): 882– 890 24888231
  31. [33]O’Brien SJ Bhopal RS (1993) Legionnaires’ disease: The infective dose paradox. Lancet 342(8862): 5– 6 8100317
  32. [37]Chorus I Welker M (eds) (2021) Toxic cyanobacteria in water: A guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management. CRC Press, on behalf of the World Health Organization, Geneva, Boca Raton (FL).
  33. [39]Ibelings BW Kurmayer R Azevedo SMFO. (2021) Understanding the occurrence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins. In: Chorus I Welker M (eds) Toxic cyanobacteria in water: A guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management. CRC Press, on behalf of the World Health Organization, Geneva, Boca Raton (FL), pp. 213– 294.
  34. [41]Umweltbundesamt (2015) Empfehlung zum Schutz von Badenden vor Cyanobakterien-Toxinen. Bundesgesundheitsbl 58: 908– 920 26153472
  35. [43]Beermann S Dobler G Faber M. (2023) Impact of climate change on vector- and rodent-borne infectious diseases. J Health Monit 8(S3): 33– 61. www.rki.de/jhealthmonit-en (As at 01.06.2023) PMC10278376 37342429
  36. [44]Semenza JC Rocklov J Ebi KL (2022) Climate change and cascading risks from infectious disease. Infect Dis Ther 11(4): 1371– 1390 35585385 PMC9334478
  37. [45]Karthe D (2015) Bedeutung hydrometeorologischer Extremereignisse im Kontext des Klimawandels für die Trinkwasserhygiene in Deutschland und Mitteleuropa. Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung 59(5): 264– 270
  38. [46]Butsch C Beckers LM Nilson E. (forthcoming) Health impacts of extreme weather events – Cascading risks in a changing climate. J Health Monit www.rki.de/jhealthmonit-en PMC10548486 37799532
  39. [47]Nichol ST Arikawa J Kawaoka Y (2000) Emerging viral diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97(23): 12411– 12412 11035785 PMC34064
  40. [48]Garcia-Solache MA Casadevall A (2010) Global warming will bring new fungal diseases for mammals. mBio 1(1): e00061– 10 20689745 PMC2912667
  41. [49]Engelthaler DM Casadevall A (2019) On the emergence of Cryptococcus gattii in the Pacific Northwest: Ballast tanks, tsunamis, and black swans. mBio 10(5): e02193– 19 31575770 PMC6775458
  42. [51]Honda JR Bernhard JN Chan ED (2015) Natural disasters and nontuberculous mycobacteria: A recipe for increased disease? Chest 147(2): 304– 308 25644904 PMC4502755
  43. [52]Ko KKK Chng KR Nagarajan N (2022) Metagenomics-enabled microbial surveillance. Nat Microbiol 7(4): 486– 496 35365786

Authors
Dupke, S., Buchholz, U., Fastner, J., Förster, C., Frank, C., Lewin, A., Rickerts, V., & Selinka, H.-C.
Affiliations
  • Robert Koch Institute (DE)
  • German Environment Agency (DE)
ORCID
Venue
Robert Koch-Institut
Publisher
Robert Koch-Institut
Published
2023
Volume
8
Issue
Suppl 3
Pages
62-77
DOI
10.25646/11402
PMC
PMC10278370
OpenAlex
W4381470207
Cited by
30
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5
FWCI
3.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Publication server of the Robert Koch Institute (Robert Kock Institute) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Robert-Koch-Institut (RKI)
Funders
  • Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (54401)
  • Robert Koch Institut
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Fecal contamination and water quality
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Public Health and Environmental Issues
Keywords
climate change, waterborne diseases, toxic cyanobacteria, heavy rainfall, heat and drought, human pathogenic viruses, nontuberculous mycobacteria, fungal infection, extreme weather events, water quality

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review