Evaluation of Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rupture of Cross-Laminated Timber with Longitudinal Vibration NDE Techniques
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This paper presents research conducted to examine the potential of using longitudinal vibration techniques to evaluate the modulus of elasticity and strength of crosslaminated timber (CLT).Thirty-nine CLT panels were manufactured from southern pine dimension lumber in accordance with accepted manufacturing standards.Nominal 2 by 8 in.southern pine lumber specimens were used for the three-ply panels.A 10-ft-long specimen, having a 4.125-by 18-in.cross-section, was obtained from each panel.Weight and dimensions were determined for each specimen, and longitudinal vibration nondestructive evaluation techniques were used to determine frequency of oscillation and energy loss characteristics of the specimens.The dynamic modulus of elasticity was then determined.Each specimen was then tested to failure in a flatwise (third point) bending mode.Flatwise bending modulus of elasticity and strength (modulus of rupture) were determined.Excellent correlative relationships were observed between dynamic and flatwise bending moduli.A strong positive relationship was observed between the dynamic modulus and flatwise bending strength.Nondestructive testing of CLT panels is recommended for quality control protocols.
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The improved R2 found for UTS in this study is comparable to the ones reported by Senalik et al. (2020) and Correa et al. (2022).
“The improved R 2 found for UTS in this study is comparable to the ones reported by Senalik et al. (2020) and Correa et al. (2022).”
From Nondestructive Evaluation of 2 by 10 Southern Pine Lumber (2023) · cites this paper as Correa et al. (2022)
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Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Senalik, C.; França, F.J.N.; Seale, R.D.; Ross, R.J.; Shmulsky, R. 2020a. Estimating lumber properties with acoustic-based technologies-part 1: modeling acoustic (stress) wave behavior in clear wood and lumber. Wood and Fiber Science. 52(4): 380-389.
- Senalik, C.; França, F.J.N.; Seale, R.D.; Ross, R.J.; Shmulsky, R. 2020b. Estimating lumber properties with acoustic-based technologies-part 2: ultimate tension stress estimation from time-and frequency-domain parameters. Wood and Fiber Science. 52(4):3 90-399.
- Suddarth, S.A. 1965. Detection of adhesive bond defects in the Polaris missile nose fairing through mechanical impedance measurements. In: Proceedings, second nondestructive testing of wood symposium Spokane, WA: Washington State University: 267-287.
- Vogt, J.J. 1986. Longitudinal stress waves as predictors of internal bond strength. In: Proceedings, 12th international particleboard/composite materials symposium. Pullman, WA: Washington State University. WoodWorks. 2021. Building trends: mass timber: quarterly update + map of U.S. mass timber projects. Washington, DC: Woodworks. https://www.woodworks.org/publications- media/building-trends-mass-timber/
- Yang, B.Z.; Seale, R.D.; Shmulsky, R.; Dahlen, R.J.; Wang, X. 2015. Comparison of nondestructive testing methods for evaluating No. 2 southern pine lumber: part A, modulus of elasticity. Wood and Fiber Science. 47(4): 375-384.
- Yang, B.Z.; Seale, R.D.; Shmulsky, R.; Dahlen, R.J.; Wang, X. 2017. Comparison of nondestructive testing methods for evaluating No. 2 southern pine lumber: part B, modulus of rupture. Wood and Fiber Science. 49(2): 134-145.
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Nondestructive Evaluation of 2 by 10 Southern Pine Lumber
Uzcategui, M. G. C., França, F. J. N., Seale, R. D., Senalik, C. A., & Ross, R. J. (2023) · Forest Products Journal · doi:10.13073/fpj-d-22-00054 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Correa, L. M. S., Franca, F. J. N., Shmulsky, R., Seale, R. D., Ross, R., & Senalik, C. A.
- Affiliations
- US Forest Service (US)
- United States Department of Agriculture (US)
- Published
- 2022-04-07
- OpenAlex
- W4381491811
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1
- Type
- report
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- Mississippi State University
- U.S. Forest Service
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Wood Treatment and Properties
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Structural Engineering and Materials Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation
- Keywords
- cross-laminated timber, elastic modulus, flexural strength, longitudinal vibration, dynamic modulus of elasticity, non-destructive testing, energy loss, quality control
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