Citizen Participation in the Budget Process and Local Government Accountability: Case Studies of Organizational Learning from the United States and South Korea

“In this respect, organizational learning, that is, ‘the ability of institutions to improve their decisionmaking’, is as important as social learning (Kim and Schachter 2013, 457).”

“…Ho, and Ebdon 2009); Citizen engagement can strengthen budgetary effectiveness by fostering the government’s ability to improve its decision making (Kim and Schachter 2013); and The use of open government policies and initiatives, e-government, and social media in the resource management process…”

“In addition, although citizen support has caught increasing attention in the recent literature (e.g., Bourdeaux, 2008; Ho & Coates, 2004; Kasymova & Schachter, 2014; Kim & Schachter, 2013), the role of citizens in general is rather understudied (13%).”

“Shortages of resources could lead to public managers conducting participation ‘on the hoof’ (Cole 2004, 203), or indicated that they did not have the time to organise participatory processes (Kim and Schachter 2013; Webler et al. 2003).”

“…citizens can be invited to attend such events as public hearings or community meetings (e.g., proximity participation and consultation on public finance) at which they are informed about government priorities and asked to express their opinions (Ebdon & Franklin, 2004, 2006; Kim & Schachter, 2013).”

“First, citizen participation can provide governments with information about public preferences used to make clear program and policy goals for effective performance indicators in the budgetary process (Kim & Schachter, 2013).”

“…design of PB to legitimize local government democratization (Moir & Leyshon, 2013; Swaner, 2017); the participation of citizens in the PB process (Kim & Schachter, 2013; Montambeault, 2016; Weber, Crum, & Salinas, 2015; Im, Lee, Cho, & Campbell, 2014); and the dissemination of PB and © 2019…”

“Some studies have shown that citizen participation can counteract organizational pathologies in local government programs (e.g., Kim and Schachter 2013) and prevent corruption (e.g., Bertot, Jaeger, and Grimes 2010).”

“…outcomes: PB increases public participation and deliberativeness in the government decision-making process (Beuermann and Amelina, 2014; Ganuza and Franc es, 2012; Hartz-Karp, 2012; Kim and Schachter, 2013), fiscal transparency, and accountability (Justice and Dülger, 2009; Wu and Wang, 2012).”

“…in the form of partnerships with responsible and competent private actors in diverse service areas (Kim & Kwa, 2020b), and many have incorporated citizen engagement in policy decision-making or the management of service delivery (Boyer et al., 2018; Kim & Schachter, 2013; Loeffler & Bovaird, 2019).”

“…between citizens and public officials (Leighninger, 2007), using multiple participation methods to limit the bias associated with group dynamics (Kim & Schachter, 2013), avoiding hierarchical arrangements (Irvin & Stansbury, 2004), and including youth in the participation process (Botchwey,…”

“However, some have criticized PB for its lack of representativeness, which limits its potential to address past wrongs (Kim and Schachter 2013; McDonald and McCandless 2025; Yang and Pandey 2011).”

“information [60] and the participatory applications to promote open discussion about revenues, budget allocations and expenditures in the public sector [37].”

“…OECD, 2009; Piotrowski & Borry, 2010; Simonsen & Rob-bins, 2000) to provide citizen participation with balanced information on public policy issues (Kim & Schachter, 2013; Kweit & Kweit, 2004; Nabatchi, 2012; Roberts, 2004; Rossmann & Shanahan, 2012; Wampler, 2012) and also to reduce potential…”

“…& Ebdon, 2005; Miller et al., 2019; Rowe, 2013; Sintomer et al., 2008), factors that affect the success of participatory budgeting (Barbera et al., 2016; Guo & Neshkova, 2013; Kim & Schachter, 2013), and the institutional logics on which participatory budgeting is based (Bartocci et al., 2019).”

“In theory, citizen budgeting benefits municipalities by increasing organizational decision-making ability, especially if efforts are intentional and long-term (Kim & Schachter, 2013).”

“Kim & Schachter (2013) argues that public participation can change governance for the better because the distance between the government as a servant becomes closer.”

“Disillusionment in government proves to be a possible barrier for participation [27, 44, 46, 55].”

“Through participation and interaction, coproductive citizens become clients of public services and in so doing create value for public services and provide feedback on the performance of public employees (Alford, 2002; Denhardt & Denhardt, 2011; Kim & Schachter, 2013; Sharp, 1980).”

“…face several challenges when tackling public participation, including insufficient resources (Hornbein & King, 2012), growing workload (Kim & Schachter, 2013), battling collective good over a few vocal residents (Innes & Booher, 2004), and administrative structures that limit meaningful…”

“, transparent and collaborative municipal budgeting [7], promoting green infrastructures [8], and water resource management [9].”

“Kim and Schachter (2013) offered an illustrative case in point, noting that participatory budgeting initiatives in South Korea and the U.S. struggled to faithfully capture citizen priorities, suggesting a disconnect between government agendas and local sentiment.”

“This is a common criticism of foresight processes and scenario planning and suggests the need for more exploitation focus (cf. Kim & Schachter, 2013) to refine existing ideas ensuring both RRI process and outcome effectiveness (cf. Geoghegan-Quinn, 2014).”

“Menurut Kim dan Schachter (2013) partisipasi akan mendorong terjadinya pertukaran informasi antara masyarakat dengan aparatur pemerintah.”

“As Kim and Schachter (2013, p. 465) suggested, citizen participation can close the information gap between citizens and public officials, as citizens can receive more information about governments and public officials can gain a better understanding of citizens’ needs and preferences.”

“The Roh Moo Hyun (2003–2008) administration viewed PB as one of its most important decentralization reforms (S. Kim and Schachter 2013; Kwack 2007).”

“First, in terms of transparency of policy making process, information on public policy issues are further opened [7-12] to help prevent corruption.”

“This study in line with Munti and Fahlevi (2017) who supervise BPD are also the opposite of Atmadja and Saputra (2018) and Triyono, Achyani and Arfiansyah, (2019).”

“Junto con ello, existe una percepción mayor de éxito cuando se actúa de forma colectiva (Kim y Lauer, 2013).”

“It has favored the interaction between public officials and citizens and the establishment of mechanisms that allow citizens to play a more active role in public affairs [36, 31].”

“Case studies from the USA and South Korea found that citizen participation can lead to better governance and a closer distance between government and citizens (Kim and Schachter, 2013).”

“…et al., 2018), including the experience of the incumbent, facilitator (Ianniello et al., 2018; Yarwood, 2016), context (Ianniello et al., 2018; S. Kim & Schachter, 2013; V. T. Nguyen et al., 2015) or gathered voices of the people (Callanan, 2005; Ianniello et al., 2018; S. Kim & Schachter,…”

“To evaluate PB processes, enabling factors need to be identified (Barbera et al. 2016b; Kim and Schachter 2013).”

“Participative budgeting combines exploration and refinement strategies to create processes that foster information exchange between citizens and public officials (Kim & Schachter, 2013).”

“Another similar empirical research also shows that through citizen collaboration in the budget process, however, the distance between principals and agents became somewhat smaller, and therefore it is more likely that the budget will be adopted [21].”