The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Development and Validation of the Learning Flow Scale forHigh School Students
Open accessAbstract
This study aims to, first, to develop the students’ learning flow scale base on the high school students’ learning flow experiences and, to validate it. I analyzed the concepts of learning flow through examining various literature reviews and then explored the constructs of learning flow through the open pilot survey and the group interview and with the help of expert’s advice. I prepared the sample questions through the open pilot survey and group interviews based on the previous learning flow scales and constructs. I carried out a preliminary survey of 540 high school students for the question analysis, the primary validation, exploratory factor analysis, and developed 30 learning flow scale questions. According to above process, I developed learning flow scales consisting of 3 “clear goals”, 3 “immediate feedback”, 3 “challenge-skill balance”, 3 “concentration on the task at hand”, 3 “merging of action and awareness”, 3 “loss of self-consciousness”, 4 “altered sense of time”, 3 “sense of control”, and 5 “autotelic experience” questions. I carried out main survey of 240 high school students. According to above process, concept reliability in each sub-factor ranged from .747. to. 832, indicating the scale possessed good internal consistency.After analyzing the structural equation model for the higher-order confirmative factor analysis, I had the result: χ² = 1617.708(df=394, p=.000, Q = 4.106, CFI = .907, TLI = .898, RMSEA=.036), which showed the goodness of fit of the structural model insufficient and confirmed the influence between relevant variables.
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“The tool demonstrated good reliability, with Cronbach’s α of .93 in the study by Kim et al. [20] and .95 in the present study.”
From Development and pilot evaluation of an AI-based pediatric medication safety virtual simulation program for nursing students: a quasi-experimental study in South Korea (2026) · cites this paper as Kim et al. [20]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cho, A., & Kim, Y.-C. (2020) · Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies · doi:10.20879/kjjcs.2020.64.4.005 · Cited by 2
Self-citationCho, I. Y., Cho, S., Im, M. Y., Jeong, H. J., Choi, J., Choi, I. H., & Kim, H. Y. (2026) · Child Health Nursing Research · doi:10.4094/chnr.2026.016 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Kim, Y.-Y., Kim, S.-W., & Koo, K.-H.
- Venue
- Journal of Curriculum and Evaluation
- Published
- 2017-11
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 95-119
- ISSN
- 1229-1544 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2784298261
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Curriculum and Evaluation (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Flow Experience in Various Fields
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational Games and Gamification
- Keywords
- learning flow, scale development, high school students, intrinsic motivation, clear goals, immediate feedback, challenge-skill balance, concentration, self-consciousness, perceived control, autotelic experience, construct validity
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