The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Population ecology of the raccoon dog in Finland ‐ a synthesis
Abstract
The population ecology of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides was investigated in Finland from 1973 to 1992. Annual mean temperature explained most of the regional variation in the growth rate and present density of the population. Climate explained most of the regional variation in the productivity of the raccoon dog population; the length of the annual snow‐free period accounted for most of the regional variation in the weight and fat reserves of young females in late autumn which, in turn, affected the proportion of reproducing females in the population the following spring. Of the independent variables examined, the abundance of wild berries is the dominating factor in explaining the annual variation in density; mortality is highest during the first year of life and the availability of berries probably affects the mortality of juveniles during autumn and winter. The abundance of voles and the population density of raccoon dogs in spring affects the fat reserves of adult females which, in turn, affect their litter size. The productivity of adult females is density dependent, and, thus, regulates population density to some extent. Changes in population size seem to be density dependent after the population peaked around the mid‐1980s.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The litter size of the raccoon dog is only slightly affected by the abundance of voles: the mean litter size varies between 8 and 10 (Kauhala and Helle 1995).”
From Reproductive strategies of the racoon dog and the red fox in Finland (1996) · cites this paper as Kauhala and Helle 1995
In the citing paper
“In Finland the population peaked in the mid-1980s and has since then been regulated density dependently (Kauhala and Helle 1993, 1995).”
From Reproductive strategies of the racoon dog and the red fox in Finland (1996) · cites this paper as Kauhala and Helle 1995
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 16
- 10.2307/5307 · DOI
- Caughley G., 1977, Analysis of vertebrate populations., 234
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, 1973, Climatological data 1972–91., Meteorological Yearbook of Finland, 72
- Helle E., 1991, : Distribution history and present status of the raccoon dog in Finland., Holarctic Ecology, 14, 278
- 10.2307/1382432 · DOI
- 10.2307/1382597 · DOI · Paper page
- Judin V. G., 1977, Enotovindaja sobaka Primor'ja v Priamur'ja., 150
- Kauhala K., 1992, Ecological characteristics of the raccoon dog in Finland., 19
- 10.4098/AT.arch.93-12 · DOI
- 10.4098/AT.arch.90-37 · DOI
- Kauhala K., 1993, Diet of the raccoon dog in Finland., Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 58, 129
- Lavrov N. P., 1971, Itogi introduktsii enotovidnoj sobaki (Npg) vothel'nye oblasti SSSR., Trudy kafedry biologii MGZPI, 29, 101
- 10.2307/3565208 · doi:10.2307/3565208
- Lindström E., 1983, Condition and growth of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in relation to food supply., 117
- Siivonen L., 1951, Suomen Riistanhoito ‐ säätiön riistatiedustelujen pätevyydestä (In Finnish with English summary: On the reliability of the game inquiries of the Finnish Game Foundation), Suomen Riista, 6, 149
- Wirén M., 1974, Metsäkanalintu‐, kettu‐ja pienjyrsijäkantojen sekä metsämarjasadon runsaudenvaihteluista tiedusteluaineiston perusteella., 141
Cited by
The Biology and Conservation of Wild Canids
(2004) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515562.001.0001 · Cited by 321
Diet of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides — a canid with an opportunistic foraging strategy
Sutor, A., Kauhala, K., & Ansorge, H. (2010) · Acta Theriologica · doi:10.4098/j.at.0001-7051.035.2009 · Cited by 95
Self-citationReproductive strategies of the racoon dog and the red fox in Finland
Kauhala, K. (1996) · Acta Theriologica · doi:10.4098/at.arch.96-4 · Cited by 60
Self-citationNovaro, A. J., Funes, M. C., & Jiménez, J. E. (2004) · The Biology and Conservation of Wild Canids · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515562.003.0015 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Kauhala, K., & Helle, E.
- Affiliations
- Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute P.O. Box 202 FIN‐00151 Helsinki Finland
- Venue
- Wildlife Biology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1995-03
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-9
- ISSN
- 1903-220X
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
- Funders
- Academy of Finland
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Population ecology of the raccoon dog in Finland ‐ a synthesis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2981/wlb.1995.004
- The paper
- Kauhala, K., & Helle, E. (1995). Population ecology of the raccoon dog in Finland ‐ a synthesis. Wildlife Biology. https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.1995.004
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
